Impact of school closures on the health and well-being of primary school children in Wales UK: a routine data linkage study using the HAPPEN Survey (2018–2020)

James, Michaela; Marchant, Emily; Defeyter, Margaret Anne; Woodside, Jayne; Brophy, Sinead

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051574

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Impact of school closures on the health and well-being of primary school children in Wales UK: a routine data linkage study using the HAPPEN Survey (2018–2020)

Michaela James

, Emily Marchant

, Margaret Anne Defeyter, Jayne Woodside, Sinead Brophy

BMJ Open, Volume: 11, Issue: 10, Start page: e051574

Swansea University Authors: Michaela James , Emily Marchant , Sinead Brophy

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DOI (Published version): 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051574

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationship between initial school closures and children’s health by comparing health and well-being outcomes collected during school closures (April–June 2020) via HAPPEN (the Health and Attainment of Pupils in a Primary Education Network) with data from...

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ISSN:	2044-6055 2044-6055
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Setting: The study was conducted online with 161 primary schools across Wales involved in the ‘HAPPEN At Home’ Survey. Participants: Data were collected via the ‘HAPPEN At Home’ Survey capturing the typical health behaviours of children aged 8–11 years from 1333 participants across Wales. These data were compared with data in 2018 and 2019 also collected between April and June, from HAPPEN (2019 (n=1150) and 2018 (n=475)). Primary and secondary outcome measures: Primary outcomes included validated measures of physical activity, screen time, diet and dental health, as well as well-being, competency and autonomy. Free school meal (FSM) status was used as a proxy for socioeconomic deprivation. Analyses were repeated stratifying by FSM. 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spelling	2022-08-16T16:00:14.1086202 v2 58392 2021-10-18 Impact of school closures on the health and well-being of primary school children in Wales UK: a routine data linkage study using the HAPPEN Survey (2018–2020) 9a717d184fb8f768e462d95b91e63e23 0000-0001-7047-0049 Michaela James Michaela James true false d68adb6744707b3bd75e07bd334d0516 0000-0002-9701-5991 Emily Marchant Emily Marchant true false 84f5661b35a729f55047f9e793d8798b 0000-0001-7417-2858 Sinead Brophy Sinead Brophy true false 2021-10-18 HDAT Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationship between initial school closures and children’s health by comparing health and well-being outcomes collected during school closures (April–June 2020) via HAPPEN (the Health and Attainment of Pupils in a Primary Education Network) with data from the same period in 2019 and 2018 via the HAPPEN Survey. Setting: The study was conducted online with 161 primary schools across Wales involved in the ‘HAPPEN At Home’ Survey. Participants: Data were collected via the ‘HAPPEN At Home’ Survey capturing the typical health behaviours of children aged 8–11 years from 1333 participants across Wales. These data were compared with data in 2018 and 2019 also collected between April and June, from HAPPEN (2019 (n=1150) and 2018 (n=475)). Primary and secondary outcome measures: Primary outcomes included validated measures of physical activity, screen time, diet and dental health, as well as well-being, competency and autonomy. Free school meal (FSM) status was used as a proxy for socioeconomic deprivation. Analyses were repeated stratifying by FSM. Results: Comparing responses between April–June in 2020 (n=1068), 2019 (n=1150) and 2018 (n=475), there were improvements in physical activity levels, sleep time, happiness and general well-being for children during school closures compared with previous years. However, children on FSM ate fewer fruits and vegetables (21% less at five or more portions of fruits and vegetables (95% CI: 5.7% to 37%)) and had lower self-assessed school competence compared with 2019. Compared with those not on FSM, they also spent less time doing physical activity (13.03%, 95% CI: 3.3% to 21.7%) and consumed more takeaways (16.3%, 95% CI: 2% to 30%) during school closures. Conclusions: This study suggests that schools are important in reducing inequalities in physical health. The physical health (eg, physical activity and diet) of children eligible for FSM may be affected by prolonged school closures. Journal Article BMJ Open 11 10 e051574 BMJ 2044-6055 2044-6055 Public health, 1506, 2474, 1724, COVID-19, public health, community child health 8 10 2021 2021-10-08 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051574 COLLEGE NANME Health Data Science COLLEGE CODE HDAT Swansea University SU College/Department paid the OA fee This work was supported by the National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research (NCPHWR) funded by Health and Care Research Wales and Welsh Government. No financial disclosures were reported by the authors of this paper. The collaborations of the authors were made possible by the GENIUS network. GENIUS is supported by the UK Prevention Research Partnership, an initiative funded by UK Research and Innovation Councils, the Department of Health and Social Care (England) and the UK devolved administrations, and leading health research charities. 2022-08-16T16:00:14.1086202 2021-10-18T15:37:37.9810768 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Michaela James 0000-0001-7047-0049 1 Emily Marchant 0000-0002-9701-5991 2 Margaret Anne Defeyter 3 Jayne Woodside 4 Sinead Brophy 0000-0001-7417-2858 5 58392__21215__d292de8f1f6541488f816770f60797d8.pdf bmjopen-2021-051574.pdf 2021-10-18T15:37:37.9810271 Output 480841 application/pdf Version of Record true © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
title	Impact of school closures on the health and well-being of primary school children in Wales UK: a routine data linkage study using the HAPPEN Survey (2018–2020)
spellingShingle	Impact of school closures on the health and well-being of primary school children in Wales UK: a routine data linkage study using the HAPPEN Survey (2018–2020) Michaela James Emily Marchant Sinead Brophy
title_short	Impact of school closures on the health and well-being of primary school children in Wales UK: a routine data linkage study using the HAPPEN Survey (2018–2020)
title_full	Impact of school closures on the health and well-being of primary school children in Wales UK: a routine data linkage study using the HAPPEN Survey (2018–2020)
title_fullStr	Impact of school closures on the health and well-being of primary school children in Wales UK: a routine data linkage study using the HAPPEN Survey (2018–2020)
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of school closures on the health and well-being of primary school children in Wales UK: a routine data linkage study using the HAPPEN Survey (2018–2020)
title_sort	Impact of school closures on the health and well-being of primary school children in Wales UK: a routine data linkage study using the HAPPEN Survey (2018–2020)
author_id_str_mv	9a717d184fb8f768e462d95b91e63e23 d68adb6744707b3bd75e07bd334d0516 84f5661b35a729f55047f9e793d8798b
author_id_fullname_str_mv	9a717d184fb8f768e462d95b91e63e23_*_Michaela James d68adb6744707b3bd75e07bd334d0516__Emily Marchant 84f5661b35a729f55047f9e793d8798b_**_Sinead Brophy
author	Michaela James Emily Marchant Sinead Brophy
author2	Michaela James Emily Marchant Margaret Anne Defeyter Jayne Woodside Sinead Brophy
format	Journal article
container_title	BMJ Open
container_volume	11
container_issue	10
container_start_page	e051574
publishDate	2021
institution	Swansea University
issn	2044-6055 2044-6055
doi_str_mv	10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051574
publisher	BMJ
college_str	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id	facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id	facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str	Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
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description	Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationship between initial school closures and children’s health by comparing health and well-being outcomes collected during school closures (April–June 2020) via HAPPEN (the Health and Attainment of Pupils in a Primary Education Network) with data from the same period in 2019 and 2018 via the HAPPEN Survey. Setting: The study was conducted online with 161 primary schools across Wales involved in the ‘HAPPEN At Home’ Survey. Participants: Data were collected via the ‘HAPPEN At Home’ Survey capturing the typical health behaviours of children aged 8–11 years from 1333 participants across Wales. These data were compared with data in 2018 and 2019 also collected between April and June, from HAPPEN (2019 (n=1150) and 2018 (n=475)). Primary and secondary outcome measures: Primary outcomes included validated measures of physical activity, screen time, diet and dental health, as well as well-being, competency and autonomy. Free school meal (FSM) status was used as a proxy for socioeconomic deprivation. Analyses were repeated stratifying by FSM. Results: Comparing responses between April–June in 2020 (n=1068), 2019 (n=1150) and 2018 (n=475), there were improvements in physical activity levels, sleep time, happiness and general well-being for children during school closures compared with previous years. However, children on FSM ate fewer fruits and vegetables (21% less at five or more portions of fruits and vegetables (95% CI: 5.7% to 37%)) and had lower self-assessed school competence compared with 2019. Compared with those not on FSM, they also spent less time doing physical activity (13.03%, 95% CI: 3.3% to 21.7%) and consumed more takeaways (16.3%, 95% CI: 2% to 30%) during school closures. Conclusions: This study suggests that schools are important in reducing inequalities in physical health. The physical health (eg, physical activity and diet) of children eligible for FSM may be affected by prolonged school closures.
published_date	2021-10-08T04:14:53Z
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Impact of school closures on the health and well-being of primary school children in Wales UK: a routine data linkage study using the HAPPEN Survey (2018–2020)

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