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Gravitational-wave cosmological distances in scalar-tensor theories of gravity

Gianmassimo Tasinato Orcid Logo, Alice Garoffolo, Daniele Bertacca, Sabino Matarrese

Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Volume: 2021, Issue: 06, Start page: 050

Swansea University Author: Gianmassimo Tasinato Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/06/050

Abstract

We analyze the propagation of high-frequency gravitational waves (GW) in scalar-tensor theories of gravity, with the aim of examining properties of cosmological distances as inferred from GW measurements. By using symmetry principles, we first determine the most general structure of the GW linearize...

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Published in: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
ISSN: 1475-7516
Published: IOP Publishing 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa57930
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first_indexed 2021-09-28T15:11:31Z
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spelling 2022-07-13T14:00:29.1953562 v2 57930 2021-09-16 Gravitational-wave cosmological distances in scalar-tensor theories of gravity cb754b073d1e4949c5e3db97744d3301 0000-0002-9835-4864 Gianmassimo Tasinato Gianmassimo Tasinato true false 2021-09-16 SPH We analyze the propagation of high-frequency gravitational waves (GW) in scalar-tensor theories of gravity, with the aim of examining properties of cosmological distances as inferred from GW measurements. By using symmetry principles, we first determine the most general structure of the GW linearized equations and of the GW energy momentum tensor, assuming that GW move with the speed of light. Modified gravity effects are encoded in a small number of parameters, and we study the conditions for ensuring graviton number conservation in our covariant set-up. We then apply our general findings to the case of GW propagating through a perturbed cosmological space-time, deriving the expressions for the GW luminosity distance dL(GW) and the GW angular distance dA(GW). We prove for the first time the validity of Etherington reciprocity law dL(GW) = (1+z)2 dA(GW) for a perturbed universe within a scalar-tensor framework. We find that besides the GW luminosity distance, also the GW angular distance can be modified with respect to General Relativity. We discuss implications of this result for gravitational lensing, focussing on time-delays of lensed GW and lensed photons emitted simultaneously during a multimessenger event. We explicitly show how modified gravity effects compensate between different coefficients in the GW time-delay formula: lensed GW arrive at the same time as their lensed electromagnetic counterparts, in agreement with causality constraints. Journal Article Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2021 06 050 IOP Publishing 1475-7516 29 6 2021 2021-06-29 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/06/050 COLLEGE NANME Physics COLLEGE CODE SPH Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) 2022-07-13T14:00:29.1953562 2021-09-16T17:37:20.6095972 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics Gianmassimo Tasinato 0000-0002-9835-4864 1 Alice Garoffolo 2 Daniele Bertacca 3 Sabino Matarrese 4 57930__21041__3324c6e4aa664f2fa974a840d1c96cff.pdf 57930.pdf 2021-09-28T16:28:21.7935436 Output 1257794 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021. The Author(s).Released under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Gravitational-wave cosmological distances in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
spellingShingle Gravitational-wave cosmological distances in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
Gianmassimo Tasinato
title_short Gravitational-wave cosmological distances in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
title_full Gravitational-wave cosmological distances in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
title_fullStr Gravitational-wave cosmological distances in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
title_full_unstemmed Gravitational-wave cosmological distances in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
title_sort Gravitational-wave cosmological distances in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
author_id_str_mv cb754b073d1e4949c5e3db97744d3301
author_id_fullname_str_mv cb754b073d1e4949c5e3db97744d3301_***_Gianmassimo Tasinato
author Gianmassimo Tasinato
author2 Gianmassimo Tasinato
Alice Garoffolo
Daniele Bertacca
Sabino Matarrese
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
container_volume 2021
container_issue 06
container_start_page 050
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 1475-7516
doi_str_mv 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/06/050
publisher IOP Publishing
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description We analyze the propagation of high-frequency gravitational waves (GW) in scalar-tensor theories of gravity, with the aim of examining properties of cosmological distances as inferred from GW measurements. By using symmetry principles, we first determine the most general structure of the GW linearized equations and of the GW energy momentum tensor, assuming that GW move with the speed of light. Modified gravity effects are encoded in a small number of parameters, and we study the conditions for ensuring graviton number conservation in our covariant set-up. We then apply our general findings to the case of GW propagating through a perturbed cosmological space-time, deriving the expressions for the GW luminosity distance dL(GW) and the GW angular distance dA(GW). We prove for the first time the validity of Etherington reciprocity law dL(GW) = (1+z)2 dA(GW) for a perturbed universe within a scalar-tensor framework. We find that besides the GW luminosity distance, also the GW angular distance can be modified with respect to General Relativity. We discuss implications of this result for gravitational lensing, focussing on time-delays of lensed GW and lensed photons emitted simultaneously during a multimessenger event. We explicitly show how modified gravity effects compensate between different coefficients in the GW time-delay formula: lensed GW arrive at the same time as their lensed electromagnetic counterparts, in agreement with causality constraints.
published_date 2021-06-29T04:14:02Z
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score 11.0133505

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