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Railways, divergence, and structural change in 19th century England and Wales

Dan Bogart, Xuesheng You Orcid Logo, Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau, Max Satchell, Leigh Shaw-Taylor

Journal of Urban Economics, Volume: 128, Start page: 103390

Swansea University Author: Xuesheng You Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.jue.2021.103390

Abstract

Railways transformed inland transport during the nineteenth century. In this paper, we study how railways led to local population change and divergence in England and Wales as it underwent dramatic urbanization. We make use of detailed data on railway stations, population, and occupational structure...

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Published in: Journal of Urban Economics
ISSN: 0094-1190
Published: Elsevier BV 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa57786
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first_indexed 2021-09-07T09:22:56Z
last_indexed 2021-11-03T04:26:04Z
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spelling 2021-11-02T13:31:47.8944474 v2 57786 2021-09-07 Railways, divergence, and structural change in 19th century England and Wales 430d42f52f264634316278d58562d949 0000-0002-5690-4119 Xuesheng You Xuesheng You true false 2021-09-07 ECON Railways transformed inland transport during the nineteenth century. In this paper, we study how railways led to local population change and divergence in England and Wales as it underwent dramatic urbanization. We make use of detailed data on railway stations, population, and occupational structure in more than 9000 spatial units. A network of least cost paths based on major towns and the length of the 1851 rail network is also created to address endogeneity. Our instrumental variable estimates show that having a railway station in a locality by 1851 led to significantly higher population growth from 1851 to 1891 and shifted the male occupational structure out of agriculture. Moreover, we estimate that having stations increased population growth more if localities had greater initial population density and for those 3–15 km from stations, they had less growth compared to localities more distant from stations. Overall, we find that railways reinforced the population hierarchy of the early nineteenth century and contributed to further spatial divergence. Their implications for the geographic distribution of population were large. Journal Article Journal of Urban Economics 128 103390 Elsevier BV 0094-1190 Urbanization; Railways; Transport; Reorganization; Divergence; Population change; Occupational structure 1 3 2022 2022-03-01 10.1016/j.jue.2021.103390 COLLEGE NANME Economics COLLEGE CODE ECON Swansea University 2021-11-02T13:31:47.8944474 2021-09-07T10:15:42.2810148 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences School of Management Dan Bogart 1 Xuesheng You 0000-0002-5690-4119 2 Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau 3 Max Satchell 4 Leigh Shaw-Taylor 5 57786__21143__29bf6f5a64634ad1b7c0eec9c279bfb6.pdf 57786.pdf 2021-10-12T12:48:02.1087218 Output 5314333 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY license true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Railways, divergence, and structural change in 19th century England and Wales
spellingShingle Railways, divergence, and structural change in 19th century England and Wales
Xuesheng You
title_short Railways, divergence, and structural change in 19th century England and Wales
title_full Railways, divergence, and structural change in 19th century England and Wales
title_fullStr Railways, divergence, and structural change in 19th century England and Wales
title_full_unstemmed Railways, divergence, and structural change in 19th century England and Wales
title_sort Railways, divergence, and structural change in 19th century England and Wales
author_id_str_mv 430d42f52f264634316278d58562d949
author_id_fullname_str_mv 430d42f52f264634316278d58562d949_***_Xuesheng You
author Xuesheng You
author2 Dan Bogart
Xuesheng You
Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau
Max Satchell
Leigh Shaw-Taylor
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Urban Economics
container_volume 128
container_start_page 103390
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 0094-1190
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jue.2021.103390
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
department_str School of Management{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Management
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Railways transformed inland transport during the nineteenth century. In this paper, we study how railways led to local population change and divergence in England and Wales as it underwent dramatic urbanization. We make use of detailed data on railway stations, population, and occupational structure in more than 9000 spatial units. A network of least cost paths based on major towns and the length of the 1851 rail network is also created to address endogeneity. Our instrumental variable estimates show that having a railway station in a locality by 1851 led to significantly higher population growth from 1851 to 1891 and shifted the male occupational structure out of agriculture. Moreover, we estimate that having stations increased population growth more if localities had greater initial population density and for those 3–15 km from stations, they had less growth compared to localities more distant from stations. Overall, we find that railways reinforced the population hierarchy of the early nineteenth century and contributed to further spatial divergence. Their implications for the geographic distribution of population were large.
published_date 2022-03-01T04:13:47Z
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score 11.014067

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