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Ratio of forces during sprint acceleration: A comparison of different calculation methods

Neil Bezodis Orcid Logo, Steffi Colyer, Ryu Nagahara, Helen Bayne, Ian Bezodis, Jean-Benoît Morin, Munenori Murata, Pierre Samozino

Journal of Biomechanics, Volume: 127, Start page: 110685

Swansea University Author: Neil Bezodis Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110685

Abstract

The orientation of the ground reaction force (GRF) vector is a key determinant of human sprint acceleration performance and has been described using ratio of forces (RF) which quantifies the ratio of the antero-posterior component to the resultant GRF. Different methods have previously been used to...

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Published in: Journal of Biomechanics
ISSN: 0021-9290
Published: Elsevier BV 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa57614
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spelling 2021-09-07T15:53:56.7554535 v2 57614 2021-08-13 Ratio of forces during sprint acceleration: A comparison of different calculation methods 534588568c1936e94e1ed8527b8c991b 0000-0003-2229-3310 Neil Bezodis Neil Bezodis true false 2021-08-13 STSC The orientation of the ground reaction force (GRF) vector is a key determinant of human sprint acceleration performance and has been described using ratio of forces (RF) which quantifies the ratio of the antero-posterior component to the resultant GRF. Different methods have previously been used to calculate step-averaged RF, and this study therefore aimed to compare the effects of three calculation methods on two key “technical” ability measures: decline in ratio of forces (DRF) and theoretical maximal RF at null velocity (RF0). Twenty-four male sprinters completed maximal effort 60 m sprints from block and standing starts on a fully instrumented track (force platforms in series). RF-horizontal velocity profiles were determined from the measured GRFs over the entire acceleration phase using three different calculation methods for obtaining an RF value for each step: A) the mean of instantaneous RF during stance, B) the step-averaged antero-posterior component divided by the step-averaged resultant GRF, C) the step-averaged antero-posterior component divided by the resultant of the step-averaged antero-posterior and vertical components. Method A led to significantly greater RF0 and shallower DRF slopes than Methods B and C. These differences were very large (Effect size Cohen’s d = 2.06 – 4.04) and varied between individuals due to differences in the GRF profiles, particularly during late stance as the acceleration phase progressed. Method B provides RF values which most closely approximate the mechanical reality of step averaged accelerations progressively approaching zero and it is recommended for future analyses although it should be considered a ratio of impulses. Journal Article Journal of Biomechanics 127 110685 Elsevier BV 0021-9290 ground reaction force, impulse, sprinting, technique 11 10 2021 2021-10-11 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110685 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University 2021-09-07T15:53:56.7554535 2021-08-13T10:28:51.2882888 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences Neil Bezodis 0000-0003-2229-3310 1 Steffi Colyer 2 Ryu Nagahara 3 Helen Bayne 4 Ian Bezodis 5 Jean-Benoît Morin 6 Munenori Murata 7 Pierre Samozino 8 57614__20619__ef9ca776a455409c93ba38fe294f7a8f.pdf 57614.pdf 2021-08-13T10:30:54.7889068 Output 634864 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2022-08-13T00:00:00.0000000 ©2021 All rights reserved. All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License (CC-BY-NC-ND) true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/
title Ratio of forces during sprint acceleration: A comparison of different calculation methods
spellingShingle Ratio of forces during sprint acceleration: A comparison of different calculation methods
Neil Bezodis
title_short Ratio of forces during sprint acceleration: A comparison of different calculation methods
title_full Ratio of forces during sprint acceleration: A comparison of different calculation methods
title_fullStr Ratio of forces during sprint acceleration: A comparison of different calculation methods
title_full_unstemmed Ratio of forces during sprint acceleration: A comparison of different calculation methods
title_sort Ratio of forces during sprint acceleration: A comparison of different calculation methods
author_id_str_mv 534588568c1936e94e1ed8527b8c991b
author_id_fullname_str_mv 534588568c1936e94e1ed8527b8c991b_***_Neil Bezodis
author Neil Bezodis
author2 Neil Bezodis
Steffi Colyer
Ryu Nagahara
Helen Bayne
Ian Bezodis
Jean-Benoît Morin
Munenori Murata
Pierre Samozino
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Biomechanics
container_volume 127
container_start_page 110685
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 0021-9290
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110685
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The orientation of the ground reaction force (GRF) vector is a key determinant of human sprint acceleration performance and has been described using ratio of forces (RF) which quantifies the ratio of the antero-posterior component to the resultant GRF. Different methods have previously been used to calculate step-averaged RF, and this study therefore aimed to compare the effects of three calculation methods on two key “technical” ability measures: decline in ratio of forces (DRF) and theoretical maximal RF at null velocity (RF0). Twenty-four male sprinters completed maximal effort 60 m sprints from block and standing starts on a fully instrumented track (force platforms in series). RF-horizontal velocity profiles were determined from the measured GRFs over the entire acceleration phase using three different calculation methods for obtaining an RF value for each step: A) the mean of instantaneous RF during stance, B) the step-averaged antero-posterior component divided by the step-averaged resultant GRF, C) the step-averaged antero-posterior component divided by the resultant of the step-averaged antero-posterior and vertical components. Method A led to significantly greater RF0 and shallower DRF slopes than Methods B and C. These differences were very large (Effect size Cohen’s d = 2.06 – 4.04) and varied between individuals due to differences in the GRF profiles, particularly during late stance as the acceleration phase progressed. Method B provides RF values which most closely approximate the mechanical reality of step averaged accelerations progressively approaching zero and it is recommended for future analyses although it should be considered a ratio of impulses.
published_date 2021-10-11T04:13:29Z
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