Neurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: a preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate–glutamine (Glx)

Weidacker, Kathrin; Johnston, Stephen; Mullins, Paul G.; Boy, Frederic; Dymond, Simon

doi:10.1017/s1092852921000316

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Neurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: a preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate–glutamine (Glx)

Kathrin Weidacker

, Stephen Johnston

, Paul G. Mullins, Frederic Boy

, Simon Dymond

CNS Spectrums, Volume: 27, Issue: 4, Pages: 1 - 11

Swansea University Authors: Kathrin Weidacker , Stephen Johnston , Frederic Boy , Simon Dymond

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DOI (Published version): 10.1017/s1092852921000316

Abstract

BackgroundNeurobehavioral research on the role of impulsivity in gambling disorder (GD) has produced heterogeneous findings. Impulsivity is multifaceted with different experimental tasks measuring different subprocesses, such as response inhibition and distractor interference. Little is known about...

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Published in:	CNS Spectrums
ISSN:	1092-8529 2165-6509
Published:	Cambridge University Press (CUP) 2021
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URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa57014
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Impulsivity is multifaceted with different experimental tasks measuring different subprocesses, such as response inhibition and distractor interference. Little is known about the neurochemistry of inhibition and interference in GD.MethodsWe investigated inhibition with the stop signal task (SST) and interference with the Eriksen Flanker task, and related performance to metabolite levels in individuals with and without GD. We employed magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to record glutamate–glutamine (Glx/Cr) and inhibitory, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+/Cr) levels in the dorsal ACC (dACC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and an occipital control voxel.ResultsWe found slower processing of complex stimuli in the Flanker task in GD (P < .001, η 2 p = 0.78), and no group differences in SST performance. Levels of dACC Glx/Cr and frequency of incongruent errors were correlated positively in GD only (r = 0.92, P = .001). Larger positive correlations were found for those with GD between dACC GABA+/Cr and SST Go error response times (z = 2.83, P = .004), as well as between dACC Glx/Cr and frequency of Go errors (z = 2.23, P = .03), indicating general Glx-related error processing deficits. Both groups expressed equivalent positive correlations between posterror slowing and Glx/Cr in the right dlPFC (GD: r = 0.74, P = .02; non-GD: r = .71, P = .01).ConclusionInhibition and interference impairments are reflected in dACC baseline metabolite levels and error processing deficits in GD.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>CNS Spectrums</journal><volume>27</volume><journalNumber>4</journalNumber><paginationStart>1</paginationStart><paginationEnd>11</paginationEnd><publisher>Cambridge University Press (CUP)</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>1092-8529</issnPrint><issnElectronic>2165-6509</issnElectronic><keywords>Gambling; MRS; GABA; response inhibition; response interference</keywords><publishedDay>23</publishedDay><publishedMonth>3</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2021</publishedYear><publishedDate>2021-03-23</publishedDate><doi>10.1017/s1092852921000316</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Psychology</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>HPS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal)</apcterm><funders>This work was supported by the International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG) and intra-mural funding from the Department of Psychology, Swansea University.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2022-11-29T14:41:37.0158248</lastEdited><Created>2021-06-02T13:25:07.8636631</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">School of Psychology</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Kathrin</firstname><surname>Weidacker</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5742-6016</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Stephen</firstname><surname>Johnston</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9360-8856</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Paul G.</firstname><surname>Mullins</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Frederic</firstname><surname>Boy</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1373-6634</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Simon</firstname><surname>Dymond</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1319-4492</orcid><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>57014__23768__003ae8dbce8c4f75b329f8f4fbee216c.pdf</filename><originalFilename>57014.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-04-04T12:37:37.6332791</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1336793</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© The Author(s), 2021. 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spelling	2022-11-29T14:41:37.0158248 v2 57014 2021-06-02 Neurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: a preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate–glutamine (Glx) 4fed7fdf5381ec1a577001d6bd3d74d8 0000-0002-5742-6016 Kathrin Weidacker Kathrin Weidacker true false a5a4e9fd4ddde98a4cc3c1e3c6fa310f 0000-0001-9360-8856 Stephen Johnston Stephen Johnston true false 43e704698d5dbbac3734b7cd0fef60aa 0000-0003-1373-6634 Frederic Boy Frederic Boy true false 8ed0024546f2588fdb0073a7d6fbc075 0000-0003-1319-4492 Simon Dymond Simon Dymond true false 2021-06-02 HPS BackgroundNeurobehavioral research on the role of impulsivity in gambling disorder (GD) has produced heterogeneous findings. Impulsivity is multifaceted with different experimental tasks measuring different subprocesses, such as response inhibition and distractor interference. Little is known about the neurochemistry of inhibition and interference in GD.MethodsWe investigated inhibition with the stop signal task (SST) and interference with the Eriksen Flanker task, and related performance to metabolite levels in individuals with and without GD. We employed magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to record glutamate–glutamine (Glx/Cr) and inhibitory, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+/Cr) levels in the dorsal ACC (dACC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and an occipital control voxel.ResultsWe found slower processing of complex stimuli in the Flanker task in GD (P < .001, η 2 p = 0.78), and no group differences in SST performance. Levels of dACC Glx/Cr and frequency of incongruent errors were correlated positively in GD only (r = 0.92, P = .001). Larger positive correlations were found for those with GD between dACC GABA+/Cr and SST Go error response times (z = 2.83, P = .004), as well as between dACC Glx/Cr and frequency of Go errors (z = 2.23, P = .03), indicating general Glx-related error processing deficits. Both groups expressed equivalent positive correlations between posterror slowing and Glx/Cr in the right dlPFC (GD: r = 0.74, P = .02; non-GD: r = .71, P = .01).ConclusionInhibition and interference impairments are reflected in dACC baseline metabolite levels and error processing deficits in GD. Journal Article CNS Spectrums 27 4 1 11 Cambridge University Press (CUP) 1092-8529 2165-6509 Gambling; MRS; GABA; response inhibition; response interference 23 3 2021 2021-03-23 10.1017/s1092852921000316 COLLEGE NANME Psychology COLLEGE CODE HPS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This work was supported by the International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG) and intra-mural funding from the Department of Psychology, Swansea University. 2022-11-29T14:41:37.0158248 2021-06-02T13:25:07.8636631 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Kathrin Weidacker 0000-0002-5742-6016 1 Stephen Johnston 0000-0001-9360-8856 2 Paul G. Mullins 3 Frederic Boy 0000-0003-1373-6634 4 Simon Dymond 0000-0003-1319-4492 5 57014__23768__003ae8dbce8c4f75b329f8f4fbee216c.pdf 57014.pdf 2022-04-04T12:37:37.6332791 Output 1336793 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s), 2021. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Neurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: a preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate–glutamine (Glx)
spellingShingle	Neurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: a preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate–glutamine (Glx) Kathrin Weidacker Stephen Johnston Frederic Boy Simon Dymond
title_short	Neurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: a preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate–glutamine (Glx)
title_full	Neurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: a preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate–glutamine (Glx)
title_fullStr	Neurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: a preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate–glutamine (Glx)
title_full_unstemmed	Neurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: a preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate–glutamine (Glx)
title_sort	Neurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: a preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate–glutamine (Glx)
author_id_str_mv	4fed7fdf5381ec1a577001d6bd3d74d8 a5a4e9fd4ddde98a4cc3c1e3c6fa310f 43e704698d5dbbac3734b7cd0fef60aa 8ed0024546f2588fdb0073a7d6fbc075
author_id_fullname_str_mv	4fed7fdf5381ec1a577001d6bd3d74d8_*_Kathrin Weidacker a5a4e9fd4ddde98a4cc3c1e3c6fa310f__Stephen Johnston 43e704698d5dbbac3734b7cd0fef60aa__Frederic Boy 8ed0024546f2588fdb0073a7d6fbc075_*_Simon Dymond
author	Kathrin Weidacker Stephen Johnston Frederic Boy Simon Dymond
author2	Kathrin Weidacker Stephen Johnston Paul G. Mullins Frederic Boy Simon Dymond
format	Journal article
container_title	CNS Spectrums
container_volume	27
container_issue	4
container_start_page	1
publishDate	2021
institution	Swansea University
issn	1092-8529 2165-6509
doi_str_mv	10.1017/s1092852921000316
publisher	Cambridge University Press (CUP)
college_str	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id	facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id	facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str	School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
document_store_str	1
active_str	0
description	BackgroundNeurobehavioral research on the role of impulsivity in gambling disorder (GD) has produced heterogeneous findings. Impulsivity is multifaceted with different experimental tasks measuring different subprocesses, such as response inhibition and distractor interference. Little is known about the neurochemistry of inhibition and interference in GD.MethodsWe investigated inhibition with the stop signal task (SST) and interference with the Eriksen Flanker task, and related performance to metabolite levels in individuals with and without GD. We employed magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to record glutamate–glutamine (Glx/Cr) and inhibitory, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+/Cr) levels in the dorsal ACC (dACC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and an occipital control voxel.ResultsWe found slower processing of complex stimuli in the Flanker task in GD (P < .001, η 2 p = 0.78), and no group differences in SST performance. Levels of dACC Glx/Cr and frequency of incongruent errors were correlated positively in GD only (r = 0.92, P = .001). Larger positive correlations were found for those with GD between dACC GABA+/Cr and SST Go error response times (z = 2.83, P = .004), as well as between dACC Glx/Cr and frequency of Go errors (z = 2.23, P = .03), indicating general Glx-related error processing deficits. Both groups expressed equivalent positive correlations between posterror slowing and Glx/Cr in the right dlPFC (GD: r = 0.74, P = .02; non-GD: r = .71, P = .01).ConclusionInhibition and interference impairments are reflected in dACC baseline metabolite levels and error processing deficits in GD.
published_date	2021-03-23T04:12:25Z
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score	11.037581

Neurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: a preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate–glutamine (Glx)

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