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Explosive felsic eruptions on ocean islands: A case study from Ascension Island (South Atlantic)

Katie Preece Orcid Logo, Jenni Barclay, Richard J. Brown, Katy J. Chamberlain, Darren F. Mark

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Volume: 416, Start page: 107284

Swansea University Author: Katie Preece Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107284

Abstract

Ocean island volcanism is generally considered to be dominated by basaltic eruptions, yet felsic products associated with more hazardous explosive eruptive events are also present in the geological record of many of these islands. Ascension Island, recently recognised as an active volcanic system, e...

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Published in: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
ISSN: 0377-0273
Published: Elsevier BV 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa56902
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spelling 2022-10-26T14:49:46.2744973 v2 56902 2021-05-18 Explosive felsic eruptions on ocean islands: A case study from Ascension Island (South Atlantic) f356499883a4264da682fa1ef72205ea 0000-0003-1478-4291 Katie Preece Katie Preece true false 2021-05-18 SGE Ocean island volcanism is generally considered to be dominated by basaltic eruptions, yet felsic products associated with more hazardous explosive eruptive events are also present in the geological record of many of these islands. Ascension Island, recently recognised as an active volcanic system, exhibits explosive felsic eruption deposits but their age, eruptive styles and stratigraphic association with mafic volcanism are thus far unclear. Here we present a felsic pyroclastic stratigraphy for Ascension Island, supplemented by 26 new 40Ar/39Ar ages and whole rock geochemical XRF data. More than 80 felsic pyroclastic eruptions have occurred over the last ~ 1 Myr, including subplinian and phreatomagmatic eruptions, which produced pumice fall and pyroclastic density current deposits. Detailed sampling suggests felsic events are unevenly distributed in space and time. Subaerial activity can be divided into four Periods: Period 1 (~1000 – 500 ka) felsic and mafic eruptions, with felsic explosive eruptions, linked to a Central Felsic Complex; Period 2 (~ 500 – 100 ka) mafic period; Period 3 (~ 100 – 50 ka) felsic eruptions associated with the Eastern Felsic Complex; Period 4 (< 50 ka) mafic eruptions. The last explosive eruption occurred at ~ 60 ka. This work highlights the cyclical nature of ocean island volcanism and the timescales over which changes between predominantly mafic and felsic volcanism occur. The prevalence of past felsic explosive eruptions on Ascension highlights the need to consider the possibility of future subplinian or phreatomagmatic events in hazard management plans, with any potential risk compounded by Ascension’s small size and remote location. Journal Article Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 416 107284 Elsevier BV 0377-0273 Ascension Island; pyroclastic eruption; volcanic stratigraphy; 40Ar/39Ar geochronology; volcanic hazard 1 8 2021 2021-08-01 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107284 COLLEGE NANME Geography COLLEGE CODE SGE Swansea University Not Required Leverhulme Trust, Geological Society of London 2022-10-26T14:49:46.2744973 2021-05-18T16:18:10.2564329 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Katie Preece 0000-0003-1478-4291 1 Jenni Barclay 2 Richard J. Brown 3 Katy J. Chamberlain 4 Darren F. Mark 5 56902__20022__744021a142ce49629f86493a0e197272.pdf Preece et al_accepted manuscript.pdf 2021-05-28T12:51:40.1283444 Output 3429825 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2022-05-19T00:00:00.0000000 ©2021 All rights reserved. All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License (CC-BY-NC-ND) true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
title Explosive felsic eruptions on ocean islands: A case study from Ascension Island (South Atlantic)
spellingShingle Explosive felsic eruptions on ocean islands: A case study from Ascension Island (South Atlantic)
Katie Preece
title_short Explosive felsic eruptions on ocean islands: A case study from Ascension Island (South Atlantic)
title_full Explosive felsic eruptions on ocean islands: A case study from Ascension Island (South Atlantic)
title_fullStr Explosive felsic eruptions on ocean islands: A case study from Ascension Island (South Atlantic)
title_full_unstemmed Explosive felsic eruptions on ocean islands: A case study from Ascension Island (South Atlantic)
title_sort Explosive felsic eruptions on ocean islands: A case study from Ascension Island (South Atlantic)
author_id_str_mv f356499883a4264da682fa1ef72205ea
author_id_fullname_str_mv f356499883a4264da682fa1ef72205ea_***_Katie Preece
author Katie Preece
author2 Katie Preece
Jenni Barclay
Richard J. Brown
Katy J. Chamberlain
Darren F. Mark
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container_title Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
container_volume 416
container_start_page 107284
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 0377-0273
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107284
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
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department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
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description Ocean island volcanism is generally considered to be dominated by basaltic eruptions, yet felsic products associated with more hazardous explosive eruptive events are also present in the geological record of many of these islands. Ascension Island, recently recognised as an active volcanic system, exhibits explosive felsic eruption deposits but their age, eruptive styles and stratigraphic association with mafic volcanism are thus far unclear. Here we present a felsic pyroclastic stratigraphy for Ascension Island, supplemented by 26 new 40Ar/39Ar ages and whole rock geochemical XRF data. More than 80 felsic pyroclastic eruptions have occurred over the last ~ 1 Myr, including subplinian and phreatomagmatic eruptions, which produced pumice fall and pyroclastic density current deposits. Detailed sampling suggests felsic events are unevenly distributed in space and time. Subaerial activity can be divided into four Periods: Period 1 (~1000 – 500 ka) felsic and mafic eruptions, with felsic explosive eruptions, linked to a Central Felsic Complex; Period 2 (~ 500 – 100 ka) mafic period; Period 3 (~ 100 – 50 ka) felsic eruptions associated with the Eastern Felsic Complex; Period 4 (< 50 ka) mafic eruptions. The last explosive eruption occurred at ~ 60 ka. This work highlights the cyclical nature of ocean island volcanism and the timescales over which changes between predominantly mafic and felsic volcanism occur. The prevalence of past felsic explosive eruptions on Ascension highlights the need to consider the possibility of future subplinian or phreatomagmatic events in hazard management plans, with any potential risk compounded by Ascension’s small size and remote location.
published_date 2021-08-01T04:12:13Z
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