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The Impacts of a Subglacial Discharge Plume on Calving, Submarine Melting, and Mélange Mass Loss at Helheim Glacier, South East Greenland

Alistair Everett, Tavi Murray Orcid Logo, Nick Selmes Orcid Logo, David Holland, Dominic Reeve Orcid Logo

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, Volume: 126, Issue: 3

Swansea University Authors: Alistair Everett, Tavi Murray Orcid Logo, Nick Selmes Orcid Logo, Dominic Reeve Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1029/2020jf005910

Abstract

Almost half of the Greenland ice sheet’s mass loss occurs through iceberg calving at marine terminating glaciers. The presence of buoyant subglacial discharge plumes at these marine termini are thought to increase mass loss both through submarine melting and by undercutting that consequently increas...

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Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
ISSN: 2169-9003 2169-9011
Published: American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa56379
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spelling 2022-10-31T18:43:43.7331195 v2 56379 2021-03-08 The Impacts of a Subglacial Discharge Plume on Calving, Submarine Melting, and Mélange Mass Loss at Helheim Glacier, South East Greenland 091bd9a7febbc7894e120e0dc38c999c Alistair Everett Alistair Everett true false 8d6e71df690e725cd44191006dac31da 0000-0001-6714-6512 Tavi Murray Tavi Murray true false 90050dc47e1d8e9e9d12f7d3f0dc459f 0000-0002-6557-1379 Nick Selmes Nick Selmes true false 3e76fcc2bb3cde4ddee2c8edfd2f0082 0000-0003-1293-4743 Dominic Reeve Dominic Reeve true false 2021-03-08 Almost half of the Greenland ice sheet’s mass loss occurs through iceberg calving at marine terminating glaciers. The presence of buoyant subglacial discharge plumes at these marine termini are thought to increase mass loss both through submarine melting and by undercutting that consequently increases calving rates. Plume models are used to predict submarine melting and undercutting. However, there are few observations that allow these relationships to be tested. Here we use airborne lidar from the terminus of Helheim Glacier, SE Greenland to measure the bulge induced at the surface by the upwelling plume. We use these measurements to estimate plume discharge rates using a high‐resolution, three‐dimensional plume model. Multi‐year observations of the plume are compared to a record of calving from camera and icequake data. We find no evidence to suggest that the presence of a plume, determined by its visibility at the surface, increases the frequency of major calving events and also show that mass loss at the terminus driven directly by plume discharge is significantly less than mass loss from major calving events. The results suggest that the contribution of direct plume‐driven mass loss at deep marine‐terminating glaciers may be less than at shallower termini. Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 126 3 American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2169-9003 2169-9011 calving; glacier; Greenland; lidar; melange; plume 18 3 2021 2021-03-18 10.1029/2020jf005910 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University 2022-10-31T18:43:43.7331195 2021-03-08T14:36:33.6846325 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Alistair Everett 1 Tavi Murray 0000-0001-6714-6512 2 Nick Selmes 0000-0002-6557-1379 3 David Holland 4 Dominic Reeve 0000-0003-1293-4743 5 56379__19568__eb86d20f2ec740babd8cece202a54f57.pdf 56379.pdf 2021-03-26T12:23:53.8422755 Output 1558144 application/pdf Version of Record true 2021-08-09T00:00:00.0000000 © 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. true eng
title The Impacts of a Subglacial Discharge Plume on Calving, Submarine Melting, and Mélange Mass Loss at Helheim Glacier, South East Greenland
spellingShingle The Impacts of a Subglacial Discharge Plume on Calving, Submarine Melting, and Mélange Mass Loss at Helheim Glacier, South East Greenland
Alistair Everett
Tavi Murray
Nick Selmes
Dominic Reeve
title_short The Impacts of a Subglacial Discharge Plume on Calving, Submarine Melting, and Mélange Mass Loss at Helheim Glacier, South East Greenland
title_full The Impacts of a Subglacial Discharge Plume on Calving, Submarine Melting, and Mélange Mass Loss at Helheim Glacier, South East Greenland
title_fullStr The Impacts of a Subglacial Discharge Plume on Calving, Submarine Melting, and Mélange Mass Loss at Helheim Glacier, South East Greenland
title_full_unstemmed The Impacts of a Subglacial Discharge Plume on Calving, Submarine Melting, and Mélange Mass Loss at Helheim Glacier, South East Greenland
title_sort The Impacts of a Subglacial Discharge Plume on Calving, Submarine Melting, and Mélange Mass Loss at Helheim Glacier, South East Greenland
author_id_str_mv 091bd9a7febbc7894e120e0dc38c999c
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90050dc47e1d8e9e9d12f7d3f0dc459f
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 091bd9a7febbc7894e120e0dc38c999c_***_Alistair Everett
8d6e71df690e725cd44191006dac31da_***_Tavi Murray
90050dc47e1d8e9e9d12f7d3f0dc459f_***_Nick Selmes
3e76fcc2bb3cde4ddee2c8edfd2f0082_***_Dominic Reeve
author Alistair Everett
Tavi Murray
Nick Selmes
Dominic Reeve
author2 Alistair Everett
Tavi Murray
Nick Selmes
David Holland
Dominic Reeve
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
container_volume 126
container_issue 3
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 2169-9003
2169-9011
doi_str_mv 10.1029/2020jf005910
publisher American Geophysical Union (AGU)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
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description Almost half of the Greenland ice sheet’s mass loss occurs through iceberg calving at marine terminating glaciers. The presence of buoyant subglacial discharge plumes at these marine termini are thought to increase mass loss both through submarine melting and by undercutting that consequently increases calving rates. Plume models are used to predict submarine melting and undercutting. However, there are few observations that allow these relationships to be tested. Here we use airborne lidar from the terminus of Helheim Glacier, SE Greenland to measure the bulge induced at the surface by the upwelling plume. We use these measurements to estimate plume discharge rates using a high‐resolution, three‐dimensional plume model. Multi‐year observations of the plume are compared to a record of calving from camera and icequake data. We find no evidence to suggest that the presence of a plume, determined by its visibility at the surface, increases the frequency of major calving events and also show that mass loss at the terminus driven directly by plume discharge is significantly less than mass loss from major calving events. The results suggest that the contribution of direct plume‐driven mass loss at deep marine‐terminating glaciers may be less than at shallower termini.
published_date 2021-03-18T04:11:17Z
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score 11.013148

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