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Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse

Amira Guirguis Orcid Logo

The Pharmaceutical Journal, Volume: 305, Issue: 7943

Swansea University Author: Amira Guirguis Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1211/pj.2020.20208538

Abstract

There have been increasing reports of misuse of a range of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for recreational purposes. The use of psychoactive pharmaceuticals and ‘pharming’ are new, widespread phenomena involving the non-medical use of prescription and OTC drugs, which are recreational...

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Published in: The Pharmaceutical Journal
ISSN: 2053-6186
Published: UK Royal Pharmaceutical Society 2020
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa55618
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first_indexed 2020-11-07T11:39:22Z
last_indexed 2023-01-11T14:34:19Z
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spelling 2022-11-02T12:29:37.1392208 v2 55618 2020-11-07 Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87 0000-0001-8255-0660 Amira Guirguis Amira Guirguis true false 2020-11-07 PHAR There have been increasing reports of misuse of a range of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for recreational purposes. The use of psychoactive pharmaceuticals and ‘pharming’ are new, widespread phenomena involving the non-medical use of prescription and OTC drugs, which are recreationally used to achieve psychoactive effects either on their own or in combination with other substances.This article provides an overview of the topic, focusing on a range of medicines (e.g. prescription medicines such as quetiapine, gabapentinoids, Z-drugs, bupropion, venlafaxine and over-the-counter medicines such as loperamide, dextromethorphan, benzydamine, promethazine, chlorphenamine, diphenhydramine and hyoscine butylbromide) that have emerged as misused and diverted, or already described through the literature, as well as recorded by drug users’ online websites reporting new trends and experimentations of drug abuse.This rapidly changing drug scenario represents a challenge for pharmacy, psychiatry, public health and drug control policies. Moreover, possibly resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, drug use habits and availability have changed, causing a shift in behaviours relating to both prescription and OTC medicines. Healthcare professionals should be aware of potential prescription drugs diversion, recognise misuse cases, consider the possibility of polydrug misuse, and prevent it where possible. Pharmacists can prevent and reduce drug abuse, and should be involved in evidence-based actions to detect, understand and prevent drug diversion activities and the adverse effects of drug misuse. Journal Article The Pharmaceutical Journal 305 7943 Royal Pharmaceutical Society UK 2053-6186 drug abuse; prescription drug misuse; over-the-counter drug abuse; novel psychoactive substances (NPS); pharmacovigilance 17 11 2020 2020-11-17 10.1211/pj.2020.20208538 COLLEGE NANME Pharmacy COLLEGE CODE PHAR Swansea University 2022-11-02T12:29:37.1392208 2020-11-07T11:33:14.9570921 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Amira Guirguis 0000-0001-8255-0660 1 55618__18938__d72a1c22e28b46c8a5a1c37708da4813.pdf 55618.pdf 2020-12-30T12:51:46.5474457 Output 271049 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true true eng
title Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse
spellingShingle Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse
Amira Guirguis
title_short Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse
title_full Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse
title_fullStr Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse
title_full_unstemmed Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse
title_sort Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse
author_id_str_mv b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87
author_id_fullname_str_mv b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87_***_Amira Guirguis
author Amira Guirguis
author2 Amira Guirguis
format Journal article
container_title The Pharmaceutical Journal
container_volume 305
container_issue 7943
publishDate 2020
institution Swansea University
issn 2053-6186
doi_str_mv 10.1211/pj.2020.20208538
publisher Royal Pharmaceutical Society
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
document_store_str 1
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description There have been increasing reports of misuse of a range of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for recreational purposes. The use of psychoactive pharmaceuticals and ‘pharming’ are new, widespread phenomena involving the non-medical use of prescription and OTC drugs, which are recreationally used to achieve psychoactive effects either on their own or in combination with other substances.This article provides an overview of the topic, focusing on a range of medicines (e.g. prescription medicines such as quetiapine, gabapentinoids, Z-drugs, bupropion, venlafaxine and over-the-counter medicines such as loperamide, dextromethorphan, benzydamine, promethazine, chlorphenamine, diphenhydramine and hyoscine butylbromide) that have emerged as misused and diverted, or already described through the literature, as well as recorded by drug users’ online websites reporting new trends and experimentations of drug abuse.This rapidly changing drug scenario represents a challenge for pharmacy, psychiatry, public health and drug control policies. Moreover, possibly resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, drug use habits and availability have changed, causing a shift in behaviours relating to both prescription and OTC medicines. Healthcare professionals should be aware of potential prescription drugs diversion, recognise misuse cases, consider the possibility of polydrug misuse, and prevent it where possible. Pharmacists can prevent and reduce drug abuse, and should be involved in evidence-based actions to detect, understand and prevent drug diversion activities and the adverse effects of drug misuse.
published_date 2020-11-17T04:09:58Z
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score 11.013148

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