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Economical and Facile Route to Produce Gram-Scale and Phase-Selective Copper Sulfides for Thermoelectric Applications

Rafiq Mulla, Daniel Jones, Charlie Dunnill Orcid Logo

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Volume: 8, Issue: 37, Pages: 14234 - 14242

Swansea University Authors: Rafiq Mulla, Daniel Jones, Charlie Dunnill Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05698

Abstract

Producing thermoelectric materials without energy-intensive processes is essential to reduce the production costs and for wide-scale applications. Copper sulfides have recently been identified as new and promising environmentally friendly thermoelectric materials. Here, an economical synthetic route...

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Published in: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
ISSN: 2168-0485 2168-0485
Published: American Chemical Society (ACS) 2020
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa55547
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spelling 2020-12-04T12:24:55.3332088 v2 55547 2020-10-29 Economical and Facile Route to Produce Gram-Scale and Phase-Selective Copper Sulfides for Thermoelectric Applications 1a1c32917f31df48a473a4f846068035 Rafiq Mulla Rafiq Mulla true false 88aaf2ee4c51d4405ef7f81e2e8f7bdb Daniel Jones Daniel Jones true false 0c4af8958eda0d2e914a5edc3210cd9e 0000-0003-4052-6931 Charlie Dunnill Charlie Dunnill true false 2020-10-29 CHEG Producing thermoelectric materials without energy-intensive processes is essential to reduce the production costs and for wide-scale applications. Copper sulfides have recently been identified as new and promising environmentally friendly thermoelectric materials. Here, an economical synthetic route for the gram-scale preparation of copper sulfide is developed that enables selective control of the copper oxidation state, in turn allowing the stoichiometry to be tuned to optimize the thermoelectric characteristics of the product. Through this facile and scalable protocol, CuS, Cu1.75S, Cu1.80S, and Cu2S powders have been synthesized in conjunction with X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to verify the stoichiometry of each material. The as-prepared compounds were further characterized by thermoelectric measurements and the performance of a test generator module containing ten p-type Cu2S legs was subsequently investigated. Upon heating one side of the module to 70 °C, the device produced an output voltage of 30.9 mV and a corresponding power output of 3.4 μW, which is comparable to the power outputs of many of devices fabricated with expensive and toxic thermoelectric elements. This work presents a novel pathway for the development of low-cost thermoelectric devices by introducing a facile, tunable, and high-yield CuxS synthesis procedure that may be readily adapted to other metal sulfides. Journal Article ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 8 37 14234 14242 American Chemical Society (ACS) 2168-0485 2168-0485 thermoelectric; copper sulfide; economical synthesis; thermoelectric generator; large-scale production 21 9 2020 2020-09-21 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05698 COLLEGE NANME Chemical Engineering COLLEGE CODE CHEG Swansea University 2020-12-04T12:24:55.3332088 2020-10-29T10:57:47.1467645 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Rafiq Mulla 1 Daniel Jones 2 Charlie Dunnill 0000-0003-4052-6931 3 55547__18542__ebbeda16a0f540dc944967e0c5a25138.pdf 55547.pdf 2020-10-30T09:09:56.6393142 Output 2225372 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2021-08-20T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title Economical and Facile Route to Produce Gram-Scale and Phase-Selective Copper Sulfides for Thermoelectric Applications
spellingShingle Economical and Facile Route to Produce Gram-Scale and Phase-Selective Copper Sulfides for Thermoelectric Applications
Rafiq Mulla
Daniel Jones
Charlie Dunnill
title_short Economical and Facile Route to Produce Gram-Scale and Phase-Selective Copper Sulfides for Thermoelectric Applications
title_full Economical and Facile Route to Produce Gram-Scale and Phase-Selective Copper Sulfides for Thermoelectric Applications
title_fullStr Economical and Facile Route to Produce Gram-Scale and Phase-Selective Copper Sulfides for Thermoelectric Applications
title_full_unstemmed Economical and Facile Route to Produce Gram-Scale and Phase-Selective Copper Sulfides for Thermoelectric Applications
title_sort Economical and Facile Route to Produce Gram-Scale and Phase-Selective Copper Sulfides for Thermoelectric Applications
author_id_str_mv 1a1c32917f31df48a473a4f846068035
88aaf2ee4c51d4405ef7f81e2e8f7bdb
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 1a1c32917f31df48a473a4f846068035_***_Rafiq Mulla
88aaf2ee4c51d4405ef7f81e2e8f7bdb_***_Daniel Jones
0c4af8958eda0d2e914a5edc3210cd9e_***_Charlie Dunnill
author Rafiq Mulla
Daniel Jones
Charlie Dunnill
author2 Rafiq Mulla
Daniel Jones
Charlie Dunnill
format Journal article
container_title ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
container_volume 8
container_issue 37
container_start_page 14234
publishDate 2020
institution Swansea University
issn 2168-0485
2168-0485
doi_str_mv 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05698
publisher American Chemical Society (ACS)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
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description Producing thermoelectric materials without energy-intensive processes is essential to reduce the production costs and for wide-scale applications. Copper sulfides have recently been identified as new and promising environmentally friendly thermoelectric materials. Here, an economical synthetic route for the gram-scale preparation of copper sulfide is developed that enables selective control of the copper oxidation state, in turn allowing the stoichiometry to be tuned to optimize the thermoelectric characteristics of the product. Through this facile and scalable protocol, CuS, Cu1.75S, Cu1.80S, and Cu2S powders have been synthesized in conjunction with X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to verify the stoichiometry of each material. The as-prepared compounds were further characterized by thermoelectric measurements and the performance of a test generator module containing ten p-type Cu2S legs was subsequently investigated. Upon heating one side of the module to 70 °C, the device produced an output voltage of 30.9 mV and a corresponding power output of 3.4 μW, which is comparable to the power outputs of many of devices fabricated with expensive and toxic thermoelectric elements. This work presents a novel pathway for the development of low-cost thermoelectric devices by introducing a facile, tunable, and high-yield CuxS synthesis procedure that may be readily adapted to other metal sulfides.
published_date 2020-09-21T04:09:50Z
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