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The effect of plasma functionalization on the print performance and time stability of graphite nanoplatelet electrically conducting inks

Andrew Claypole, James Claypole, Tim Claypole Orcid Logo, David Gethin Orcid Logo, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, Volume: 18, Issue: 1, Pages: 193 - 203

Swansea University Authors: Andrew Claypole, James Claypole, Tim Claypole Orcid Logo, David Gethin Orcid Logo, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1007/s11998-020-00414-4

Abstract

Carbon-based pastes and inks are used extensively in a wide range of printed electronics because of their widespread availability, electrical conductivity and low cost. Overcoming the inherent tendency of the nano-carbon to agglomerate to form a stable dispersion is necessary if these inks are to be...

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Published in: Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
ISSN: 1547-0091 1935-3804
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa54996
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Overcoming the inherent tendency of the nano-carbon to agglomerate to form a stable dispersion is necessary if these inks are to be taken from the lab scale to industrial production. Plasma functionalization of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) adds functional groups to their surface to improve their interaction with the polymer resin. This offers an attractive method to overcome these problems when creating next generation inks. Both dynamic and oscillatory rheology were used to evaluate the stability of inks made with different loadings of functionalized and unfunctionalized GNP in a thin resin, typical of a production ink. The rheology and the printability tests showed the same level of dispersion and electrical performance had been achieved with both functionalized and unfunctionalized GNPs. The unfunctionalized GNPs agglomerate to form larger, lower aspect particles, reducing interparticle interactions and particle&#x2013;medium interactions. Over a 12-week period, the viscosity, shear thinning behavior and viscoelastic properties of the unfunctionalized GNP inks fell, with decreases in viscosity at 1.17 s&#x2212;1 of 24, 30, 39% for the &#x3D5;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.071, 0.098, 0.127 GNP suspensions, respectively. However, the rheological properties of the functionalized GNP suspensions remained stable as the GNPs interacted better with the polymer in the resin to create a steric barrier which prevented the GNPs from approaching close enough for van der Waals forces to be effective.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Coatings Technology and Research</journal><volume>18</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart>193</paginationStart><paginationEnd>203</paginationEnd><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>1547-0091</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1935-3804</issnElectronic><keywords/><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>1</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2021</publishedYear><publishedDate>2021-01-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1007/s11998-020-00414-4</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Mechanical Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MECH</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2021-08-12T12:02:46.8922090</lastEdited><Created>2020-08-17T11:04:10.4245849</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>Claypole</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>James</firstname><surname>Claypole</surname><orcid/><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Tim</firstname><surname>Claypole</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1393-9634</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>David</firstname><surname>Gethin</surname><orcid>0000-0002-7142-8253</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Liam</firstname><surname>Kilduff</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9449-2293</orcid><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>54996__18511__e58d5ab5a2454bbcb4ac2e621eb54b74.pdf</filename><originalFilename>54996.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2020-10-27T14:24:29.0340821</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1651022</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2021-08-12T12:02:46.8922090 v2 54996 2020-08-17 The effect of plasma functionalization on the print performance and time stability of graphite nanoplatelet electrically conducting inks f67f965e32151fcd26f52f9db57d7baa Andrew Claypole Andrew Claypole true false 0e33dfb4c8d099d6648af8812a472a05 James Claypole James Claypole true false 7735385522f1e68a8775b4f709e91d55 0000-0003-1393-9634 Tim Claypole Tim Claypole true false 20b93675a5457203ae87ebc32bd6d155 0000-0002-7142-8253 David Gethin David Gethin true false 972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98 0000-0001-9449-2293 Liam Kilduff Liam Kilduff true false 2020-08-17 MECH Carbon-based pastes and inks are used extensively in a wide range of printed electronics because of their widespread availability, electrical conductivity and low cost. Overcoming the inherent tendency of the nano-carbon to agglomerate to form a stable dispersion is necessary if these inks are to be taken from the lab scale to industrial production. Plasma functionalization of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) adds functional groups to their surface to improve their interaction with the polymer resin. This offers an attractive method to overcome these problems when creating next generation inks. Both dynamic and oscillatory rheology were used to evaluate the stability of inks made with different loadings of functionalized and unfunctionalized GNP in a thin resin, typical of a production ink. The rheology and the printability tests showed the same level of dispersion and electrical performance had been achieved with both functionalized and unfunctionalized GNPs. The unfunctionalized GNPs agglomerate to form larger, lower aspect particles, reducing interparticle interactions and particle–medium interactions. Over a 12-week period, the viscosity, shear thinning behavior and viscoelastic properties of the unfunctionalized GNP inks fell, with decreases in viscosity at 1.17 s−1 of 24, 30, 39% for the ϕ = 0.071, 0.098, 0.127 GNP suspensions, respectively. However, the rheological properties of the functionalized GNP suspensions remained stable as the GNPs interacted better with the polymer in the resin to create a steric barrier which prevented the GNPs from approaching close enough for van der Waals forces to be effective. Journal Article Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 18 1 193 203 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 1547-0091 1935-3804 1 1 2021 2021-01-01 10.1007/s11998-020-00414-4 COLLEGE NANME Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE MECH Swansea University 2021-08-12T12:02:46.8922090 2020-08-17T11:04:10.4245849 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Andrew Claypole 1 James Claypole 2 Tim Claypole 0000-0003-1393-9634 3 David Gethin 0000-0002-7142-8253 4 Liam Kilduff 0000-0001-9449-2293 5 54996__18511__e58d5ab5a2454bbcb4ac2e621eb54b74.pdf 54996.pdf 2020-10-27T14:24:29.0340821 Output 1651022 application/pdf Version of Record true This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The effect of plasma functionalization on the print performance and time stability of graphite nanoplatelet electrically conducting inks
spellingShingle The effect of plasma functionalization on the print performance and time stability of graphite nanoplatelet electrically conducting inks
Andrew Claypole
James Claypole
Tim Claypole
David Gethin
Liam Kilduff
title_short The effect of plasma functionalization on the print performance and time stability of graphite nanoplatelet electrically conducting inks
title_full The effect of plasma functionalization on the print performance and time stability of graphite nanoplatelet electrically conducting inks
title_fullStr The effect of plasma functionalization on the print performance and time stability of graphite nanoplatelet electrically conducting inks
title_full_unstemmed The effect of plasma functionalization on the print performance and time stability of graphite nanoplatelet electrically conducting inks
title_sort The effect of plasma functionalization on the print performance and time stability of graphite nanoplatelet electrically conducting inks
author_id_str_mv f67f965e32151fcd26f52f9db57d7baa
0e33dfb4c8d099d6648af8812a472a05
7735385522f1e68a8775b4f709e91d55
20b93675a5457203ae87ebc32bd6d155
972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98
author_id_fullname_str_mv f67f965e32151fcd26f52f9db57d7baa_***_Andrew Claypole
0e33dfb4c8d099d6648af8812a472a05_***_James Claypole
7735385522f1e68a8775b4f709e91d55_***_Tim Claypole
20b93675a5457203ae87ebc32bd6d155_***_David Gethin
972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98_***_Liam Kilduff
author Andrew Claypole
James Claypole
Tim Claypole
David Gethin
Liam Kilduff
author2 Andrew Claypole
James Claypole
Tim Claypole
David Gethin
Liam Kilduff
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
container_volume 18
container_issue 1
container_start_page 193
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 1547-0091
1935-3804
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s11998-020-00414-4
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Carbon-based pastes and inks are used extensively in a wide range of printed electronics because of their widespread availability, electrical conductivity and low cost. Overcoming the inherent tendency of the nano-carbon to agglomerate to form a stable dispersion is necessary if these inks are to be taken from the lab scale to industrial production. Plasma functionalization of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) adds functional groups to their surface to improve their interaction with the polymer resin. This offers an attractive method to overcome these problems when creating next generation inks. Both dynamic and oscillatory rheology were used to evaluate the stability of inks made with different loadings of functionalized and unfunctionalized GNP in a thin resin, typical of a production ink. The rheology and the printability tests showed the same level of dispersion and electrical performance had been achieved with both functionalized and unfunctionalized GNPs. The unfunctionalized GNPs agglomerate to form larger, lower aspect particles, reducing interparticle interactions and particle–medium interactions. Over a 12-week period, the viscosity, shear thinning behavior and viscoelastic properties of the unfunctionalized GNP inks fell, with decreases in viscosity at 1.17 s−1 of 24, 30, 39% for the ϕ = 0.071, 0.098, 0.127 GNP suspensions, respectively. However, the rheological properties of the functionalized GNP suspensions remained stable as the GNPs interacted better with the polymer in the resin to create a steric barrier which prevented the GNPs from approaching close enough for van der Waals forces to be effective.
published_date 2021-01-01T04:08:54Z
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