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The effect of water repellency on the short-term release of CO2 upon soil wetting

Carmen Sanchez-Garcia, Stefan Doerr Orcid Logo, Emilia Urbanek Orcid Logo

Geoderma, Volume: 375, Start page: 114481

Swansea University Authors: Carmen Sanchez-Garcia, Stefan Doerr Orcid Logo, Emilia Urbanek Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114481

Abstract

The high peak of carbon dioxide (CO2) observed after rewetting of dry soils, known as the ‘Birch effect’, can contribute substantially to total soil carbon (C) emissions, however, the exact mechanisms and timings underlying this sudden CO2 release remain unclear. The amount of applied water and dura...

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Published in: Geoderma
ISSN: 0016-7061
Published: Elsevier BV 2020
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa54414
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spelling 2020-08-17T13:27:30.6025182 v2 54414 2020-06-08 The effect of water repellency on the short-term release of CO2 upon soil wetting 466600dc1f90b208a9008df7c9805a7b Carmen Sanchez-Garcia Carmen Sanchez-Garcia true false 575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088 0000-0002-8700-9002 Stefan Doerr Stefan Doerr true false 6d7e46bd913e12897d7f222ca78a718f 0000-0002-7748-4416 Emilia Urbanek Emilia Urbanek true false 2020-06-08 SGE The high peak of carbon dioxide (CO2) observed after rewetting of dry soils, known as the ‘Birch effect’, can contribute substantially to total soil carbon (C) emissions, however, the exact mechanisms and timings underlying this sudden CO2 release remain unclear. The amount of applied water and duration of the previous dry period are considered the main factors affecting the magnitude of the CO2 peak, but the preceding change in soil wettability, triggered by low soil water content, could also be an important contributor.We investigated the effect of soil water repellency (SWR, assessed by water drop penetration time test) on the short-term release of CO2 upon wetting of dry soils with different water quantities. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions using homogeneous and autoclaved soil from two locations in South Wales (UK) in both wettable and extremely water-repellent states. The CO2 efflux was measured using chambers above and below the samples. Upon wetting, CO2 efflux was up to 10 times lower in water-repellent soils as a result of rapid percolation through preferential pathways, with only a small amount of water (up to 10%) retained in the soil. Total CO2 efflux was proportional to the water retained in the soil after infiltration, suggesting that the release of CO2 occurred only from limited pore-spaces of the soil. The quick CO2 release suggests that chemical or biochemical processes, rather than microbial respiration, is the main source of CO2 efflux in this study. Part of the CO2 released was transported to the bottom chamber, which under natural conditions could enhance the entrapment of gas in the subsoil. This study shows that alterations in the water-filled pore-space as a result of SWR significantly reduced the CO2 efflux upon wetting and suggests that SWR could be a key factor when investigating and predicting C fluxes. Journal Article Geoderma 375 114481 Elsevier BV 0016-7061 HydrophobicityBirch effectCO2 pulseC emissionsSoil degassingRain pulses 1 10 2020 2020-10-01 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114481 COLLEGE NANME Geography COLLEGE CODE SGE Swansea University 2020-08-17T13:27:30.6025182 2020-06-08T21:29:19.8900000 Carmen Sanchez-Garcia 1 Stefan Doerr 0000-0002-8700-9002 2 Emilia Urbanek 0000-0002-7748-4416 3 54414__17757__b5e20361ba39432295e110bd749507ef.pdf 54414.pdf 2020-07-22T16:24:01.6256812 Output 1417061 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2021-06-08T00:00:00.0000000 Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License (CC-BY-NC-ND). true eng
title The effect of water repellency on the short-term release of CO2 upon soil wetting
spellingShingle The effect of water repellency on the short-term release of CO2 upon soil wetting
Carmen Sanchez-Garcia
Stefan Doerr
Emilia Urbanek
title_short The effect of water repellency on the short-term release of CO2 upon soil wetting
title_full The effect of water repellency on the short-term release of CO2 upon soil wetting
title_fullStr The effect of water repellency on the short-term release of CO2 upon soil wetting
title_full_unstemmed The effect of water repellency on the short-term release of CO2 upon soil wetting
title_sort The effect of water repellency on the short-term release of CO2 upon soil wetting
author_id_str_mv 466600dc1f90b208a9008df7c9805a7b
575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088
6d7e46bd913e12897d7f222ca78a718f
author_id_fullname_str_mv 466600dc1f90b208a9008df7c9805a7b_***_Carmen Sanchez-Garcia
575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088_***_Stefan Doerr
6d7e46bd913e12897d7f222ca78a718f_***_Emilia Urbanek
author Carmen Sanchez-Garcia
Stefan Doerr
Emilia Urbanek
author2 Carmen Sanchez-Garcia
Stefan Doerr
Emilia Urbanek
format Journal article
container_title Geoderma
container_volume 375
container_start_page 114481
publishDate 2020
institution Swansea University
issn 0016-7061
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114481
publisher Elsevier BV
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The high peak of carbon dioxide (CO2) observed after rewetting of dry soils, known as the ‘Birch effect’, can contribute substantially to total soil carbon (C) emissions, however, the exact mechanisms and timings underlying this sudden CO2 release remain unclear. The amount of applied water and duration of the previous dry period are considered the main factors affecting the magnitude of the CO2 peak, but the preceding change in soil wettability, triggered by low soil water content, could also be an important contributor.We investigated the effect of soil water repellency (SWR, assessed by water drop penetration time test) on the short-term release of CO2 upon wetting of dry soils with different water quantities. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions using homogeneous and autoclaved soil from two locations in South Wales (UK) in both wettable and extremely water-repellent states. The CO2 efflux was measured using chambers above and below the samples. Upon wetting, CO2 efflux was up to 10 times lower in water-repellent soils as a result of rapid percolation through preferential pathways, with only a small amount of water (up to 10%) retained in the soil. Total CO2 efflux was proportional to the water retained in the soil after infiltration, suggesting that the release of CO2 occurred only from limited pore-spaces of the soil. The quick CO2 release suggests that chemical or biochemical processes, rather than microbial respiration, is the main source of CO2 efflux in this study. Part of the CO2 released was transported to the bottom chamber, which under natural conditions could enhance the entrapment of gas in the subsoil. This study shows that alterations in the water-filled pore-space as a result of SWR significantly reduced the CO2 efflux upon wetting and suggests that SWR could be a key factor when investigating and predicting C fluxes.
published_date 2020-10-01T04:07:56Z
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score 11.013731

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