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Ethics, Genetic Technologies and Equine Sports: The Prospect of Regulation of a Modified Therapeutic Use Exemption Policy

M. L. H Campbell, Michael McNamee Orcid Logo

Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, Volume: 15, Issue: 2, Pages: 227 - 250

Swansea University Author: Michael McNamee Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1080/17511321.2020.1737204

Abstract

This article critically reviews the current availability and selected use of genetic technologies for horses, before undertaking an ethical evaluation of current practice and regulatory positions in comparative relation to debates surrounding genetic testing, pre-implantation genetic testing and gen...

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Published in: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy
ISSN: 1751-1321 1751-133X
Published: Informa UK Limited 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa53856
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first_indexed 2020-03-25T13:30:48Z
last_indexed 2023-01-11T14:31:37Z
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spelling 2022-10-07T16:02:09.7798463 v2 53856 2020-03-24 Ethics, Genetic Technologies and Equine Sports: The Prospect of Regulation of a Modified Therapeutic Use Exemption Policy 85b0b1623e55d977378622a6aab7ee6e 0000-0002-5857-909X Michael McNamee Michael McNamee true false 2020-03-24 STSC This article critically reviews the current availability and selected use of genetic technologies for horses, before undertaking an ethical evaluation of current practice and regulatory positions in comparative relation to debates surrounding genetic testing, pre-implantation genetic testing and gene editing in humans. We argue that genetic testing for hereditary disorders is not only justified but should be encouraged on welfare grounds and that genetic testing for performance traits is ethically permissible based on a restricted imperative to genetically edit horses and horse embryos to reduce genetic predisposition to disease and injury. Given the current state of the science, where the effects of gene editing on health and welfare are currently undetermined, space is created for an analytical distinction between equine gene editing for ‘treatment’ and for ‘enhancement’. Gene editing is only justified for purposes of correcting/preventing disease and injury. Current regulation is challenged by apparently conflicting welfare-based ethical imperatives with respect to welfare-based gene editing. We propose modifications to the blanket bans on gene editing with a case-by-case assessment of applications to permit gene editing, based on best welfare interests underwritten by the aim of facilitating fair sport that adapt WADAs International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, adding an important reporting element. We reject the use of gene editing to obtain currently prohibited competitive advantages. In order to safeguard the welfare of human and equine athletes, we argue that regulatory institutions should urgently collaborate to develop cross-sport international regulations for the use of gene editing, including obligatory reporting of data about the health and welfare of genetically edited horses. Journal Article Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 15 2 227 250 Informa UK Limited 1751-1321 1751-133X Equine sport, ethics, genetic testing, gene editing, equine welfare 3 4 2021 2021-04-03 10.1080/17511321.2020.1737204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2020.1737204 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University 2022-10-07T16:02:09.7798463 2020-03-24T00:00:00.0000000 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences M. L. H Campbell 1 Michael McNamee 0000-0002-5857-909X 2 53856__16909__ec20163ee0414c2fae53bcc3fcf980f8.pdf 53856.pdf 2020-03-25T10:28:40.4697114 Output 1952419 application/pdf Version of Record true 2020-03-25T00:00:00.0000000 Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (CC-BY-NC-ND). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
title Ethics, Genetic Technologies and Equine Sports: The Prospect of Regulation of a Modified Therapeutic Use Exemption Policy
spellingShingle Ethics, Genetic Technologies and Equine Sports: The Prospect of Regulation of a Modified Therapeutic Use Exemption Policy
Michael McNamee
title_short Ethics, Genetic Technologies and Equine Sports: The Prospect of Regulation of a Modified Therapeutic Use Exemption Policy
title_full Ethics, Genetic Technologies and Equine Sports: The Prospect of Regulation of a Modified Therapeutic Use Exemption Policy
title_fullStr Ethics, Genetic Technologies and Equine Sports: The Prospect of Regulation of a Modified Therapeutic Use Exemption Policy
title_full_unstemmed Ethics, Genetic Technologies and Equine Sports: The Prospect of Regulation of a Modified Therapeutic Use Exemption Policy
title_sort Ethics, Genetic Technologies and Equine Sports: The Prospect of Regulation of a Modified Therapeutic Use Exemption Policy
author_id_str_mv 85b0b1623e55d977378622a6aab7ee6e
author_id_fullname_str_mv 85b0b1623e55d977378622a6aab7ee6e_***_Michael McNamee
author Michael McNamee
author2 M. L. H Campbell
Michael McNamee
format Journal article
container_title Sport, Ethics and Philosophy
container_volume 15
container_issue 2
container_start_page 227
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 1751-1321
1751-133X
doi_str_mv 10.1080/17511321.2020.1737204
publisher Informa UK Limited
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2020.1737204
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description This article critically reviews the current availability and selected use of genetic technologies for horses, before undertaking an ethical evaluation of current practice and regulatory positions in comparative relation to debates surrounding genetic testing, pre-implantation genetic testing and gene editing in humans. We argue that genetic testing for hereditary disorders is not only justified but should be encouraged on welfare grounds and that genetic testing for performance traits is ethically permissible based on a restricted imperative to genetically edit horses and horse embryos to reduce genetic predisposition to disease and injury. Given the current state of the science, where the effects of gene editing on health and welfare are currently undetermined, space is created for an analytical distinction between equine gene editing for ‘treatment’ and for ‘enhancement’. Gene editing is only justified for purposes of correcting/preventing disease and injury. Current regulation is challenged by apparently conflicting welfare-based ethical imperatives with respect to welfare-based gene editing. We propose modifications to the blanket bans on gene editing with a case-by-case assessment of applications to permit gene editing, based on best welfare interests underwritten by the aim of facilitating fair sport that adapt WADAs International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, adding an important reporting element. We reject the use of gene editing to obtain currently prohibited competitive advantages. In order to safeguard the welfare of human and equine athletes, we argue that regulatory institutions should urgently collaborate to develop cross-sport international regulations for the use of gene editing, including obligatory reporting of data about the health and welfare of genetically edited horses.
published_date 2021-04-03T04:07:02Z
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