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Rheology of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons dispersed in a low-viscosity fluid

Andrew Claypole, James Claypole, Alexander Holder, Tim Claypole Orcid Logo, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, Volume: 17, Issue: 4, Pages: 1003 - 1012

Swansea University Authors: Andrew Claypole, James Claypole, Alexander Holder, Tim Claypole Orcid Logo, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1007/s11998-020-00319-2

Abstract

Printing inks typically consist of a functional component dispersed within a low-viscosity resin/solvent system where interparticle interactions would be expected to play a significant role in dispersion, especially for the high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons such as the graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs). Rhe...

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Published in: Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
ISSN: 1547-0091 1935-3804
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2020
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa53808
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Rheology has been suggested as a method for assessing the dispersion of carbon nanomaterials in a fluid. The effects of phase volume of ammonia plasma-functionalized GNPs on a near-Newtonian low-viscosity thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) resin system have been studied using shear and quiescent oscillatory rheology. At low concentrations, the GNPs were well dispersed with a similar shear profile and viscoelastic behavior to the unfilled TPU resin, as viscous behavior prevailed indicating the absence of any long-range order within the fluid. Particle interactions increased rapidly as the phase volume tended toward maximum packing fraction, producing rapid increases in the relative viscosity, increased low shear rate shear thinning, and the elastic response becoming increasingly frequency independent. The nanoscale dimensions and high-aspect-ratio GNPs occupied a large volume within the flow, while small interparticle distances caused rapid increases in the particle&#x2013;particle interactions to form flocculates that pack less effectively. Established rheological models were fitted to the experimental data to model the effect of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbon on the viscosity of a low-viscosity system. Using the intrinsic viscosity and the maximum packing fraction as fitting parameters, the Krieger&#x2013;Dougherty (K&#x2013;D) model provided the best fit with values. There was good agreement between the estimates of aspect ratio from the SEM images and the predictions of the aspect ratio from the rheological models. The fitting of the K&#x2013;D model to measured viscosities at various phase volumes could be an effective method in characterizing the shape and dispersion of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Coatings Technology and Research</journal><volume>17</volume><journalNumber>4</journalNumber><paginationStart>1003</paginationStart><paginationEnd>1012</paginationEnd><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><issnPrint>1547-0091</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1935-3804</issnElectronic><keywords>Functional inks; Dynamic rheology; GNP; Viscosity modeling; Maximum packing fraction</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>7</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2020</publishedYear><publishedDate>2020-07-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1007/s11998-020-00319-2</doi><url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11998-020-00319-2</url><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Mechanical Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MECH</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2020-07-15T12:43:53.1263355</lastEdited><Created>2020-03-11T08:41:35.4548530</Created><authors><author><firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>Claypole</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>James</firstname><surname>Claypole</surname><orcid/><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Alexander</firstname><surname>Holder</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Tim</firstname><surname>Claypole</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1393-9634</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Liam</firstname><surname>Kilduff</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9449-2293</orcid><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>53808__16830__b3320f41954d4e12832737e8aa8737c0.pdf</filename><originalFilename>claypole2020(3).pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2020-03-11T08:44:29.4598665</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1360405</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY).</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2020-07-15T12:43:53.1263355 v2 53808 2020-03-11 Rheology of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons dispersed in a low-viscosity fluid f67f965e32151fcd26f52f9db57d7baa Andrew Claypole Andrew Claypole true false 0e33dfb4c8d099d6648af8812a472a05 James Claypole James Claypole true false cdc0d0fcecfcd72ca00342951c94f0ae Alexander Holder Alexander Holder true false 7735385522f1e68a8775b4f709e91d55 0000-0003-1393-9634 Tim Claypole Tim Claypole true false 972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98 0000-0001-9449-2293 Liam Kilduff Liam Kilduff true false 2020-03-11 MECH Printing inks typically consist of a functional component dispersed within a low-viscosity resin/solvent system where interparticle interactions would be expected to play a significant role in dispersion, especially for the high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons such as the graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs). Rheology has been suggested as a method for assessing the dispersion of carbon nanomaterials in a fluid. The effects of phase volume of ammonia plasma-functionalized GNPs on a near-Newtonian low-viscosity thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) resin system have been studied using shear and quiescent oscillatory rheology. At low concentrations, the GNPs were well dispersed with a similar shear profile and viscoelastic behavior to the unfilled TPU resin, as viscous behavior prevailed indicating the absence of any long-range order within the fluid. Particle interactions increased rapidly as the phase volume tended toward maximum packing fraction, producing rapid increases in the relative viscosity, increased low shear rate shear thinning, and the elastic response becoming increasingly frequency independent. The nanoscale dimensions and high-aspect-ratio GNPs occupied a large volume within the flow, while small interparticle distances caused rapid increases in the particle–particle interactions to form flocculates that pack less effectively. Established rheological models were fitted to the experimental data to model the effect of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbon on the viscosity of a low-viscosity system. Using the intrinsic viscosity and the maximum packing fraction as fitting parameters, the Krieger–Dougherty (K–D) model provided the best fit with values. There was good agreement between the estimates of aspect ratio from the SEM images and the predictions of the aspect ratio from the rheological models. The fitting of the K–D model to measured viscosities at various phase volumes could be an effective method in characterizing the shape and dispersion of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons. Journal Article Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 17 4 1003 1012 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 1547-0091 1935-3804 Functional inks; Dynamic rheology; GNP; Viscosity modeling; Maximum packing fraction 1 7 2020 2020-07-01 10.1007/s11998-020-00319-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11998-020-00319-2 COLLEGE NANME Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE MECH Swansea University 2020-07-15T12:43:53.1263355 2020-03-11T08:41:35.4548530 Andrew Claypole 1 James Claypole 2 Alexander Holder 3 Tim Claypole 0000-0003-1393-9634 4 Liam Kilduff 0000-0001-9449-2293 5 53808__16830__b3320f41954d4e12832737e8aa8737c0.pdf claypole2020(3).pdf 2020-03-11T08:44:29.4598665 Output 1360405 application/pdf Version of Record true Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Rheology of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons dispersed in a low-viscosity fluid
spellingShingle Rheology of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons dispersed in a low-viscosity fluid
Andrew Claypole
James Claypole
Alexander Holder
Tim Claypole
Liam Kilduff
title_short Rheology of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons dispersed in a low-viscosity fluid
title_full Rheology of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons dispersed in a low-viscosity fluid
title_fullStr Rheology of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons dispersed in a low-viscosity fluid
title_full_unstemmed Rheology of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons dispersed in a low-viscosity fluid
title_sort Rheology of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons dispersed in a low-viscosity fluid
author_id_str_mv f67f965e32151fcd26f52f9db57d7baa
0e33dfb4c8d099d6648af8812a472a05
cdc0d0fcecfcd72ca00342951c94f0ae
7735385522f1e68a8775b4f709e91d55
972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98
author_id_fullname_str_mv f67f965e32151fcd26f52f9db57d7baa_***_Andrew Claypole
0e33dfb4c8d099d6648af8812a472a05_***_James Claypole
cdc0d0fcecfcd72ca00342951c94f0ae_***_Alexander Holder
7735385522f1e68a8775b4f709e91d55_***_Tim Claypole
972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98_***_Liam Kilduff
author Andrew Claypole
James Claypole
Alexander Holder
Tim Claypole
Liam Kilduff
author2 Andrew Claypole
James Claypole
Alexander Holder
Tim Claypole
Liam Kilduff
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
container_volume 17
container_issue 4
container_start_page 1003
publishDate 2020
institution Swansea University
issn 1547-0091
1935-3804
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s11998-020-00319-2
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11998-020-00319-2
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Printing inks typically consist of a functional component dispersed within a low-viscosity resin/solvent system where interparticle interactions would be expected to play a significant role in dispersion, especially for the high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons such as the graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs). Rheology has been suggested as a method for assessing the dispersion of carbon nanomaterials in a fluid. The effects of phase volume of ammonia plasma-functionalized GNPs on a near-Newtonian low-viscosity thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) resin system have been studied using shear and quiescent oscillatory rheology. At low concentrations, the GNPs were well dispersed with a similar shear profile and viscoelastic behavior to the unfilled TPU resin, as viscous behavior prevailed indicating the absence of any long-range order within the fluid. Particle interactions increased rapidly as the phase volume tended toward maximum packing fraction, producing rapid increases in the relative viscosity, increased low shear rate shear thinning, and the elastic response becoming increasingly frequency independent. The nanoscale dimensions and high-aspect-ratio GNPs occupied a large volume within the flow, while small interparticle distances caused rapid increases in the particle–particle interactions to form flocculates that pack less effectively. Established rheological models were fitted to the experimental data to model the effect of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbon on the viscosity of a low-viscosity system. Using the intrinsic viscosity and the maximum packing fraction as fitting parameters, the Krieger–Dougherty (K–D) model provided the best fit with values. There was good agreement between the estimates of aspect ratio from the SEM images and the predictions of the aspect ratio from the rheological models. The fitting of the K–D model to measured viscosities at various phase volumes could be an effective method in characterizing the shape and dispersion of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons.
published_date 2020-07-01T04:06:57Z
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