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A spatially nonlinear generalised actuator disk model for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines

Matthew Edmunds, Alison Williams Orcid Logo, Ian Masters Orcid Logo, Arindam Banerjee, James H. VanZwieten

Energy, Volume: 194, Start page: 116803

Swansea University Authors: Matthew Edmunds, Alison Williams Orcid Logo, Ian Masters Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116803

Abstract

Efficient numerical simulation of renewable energy wind and tidal turbines is important for the layout of devices in farms. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches using blade geometry resolved models are computationally expensive. Therefore, most array models use source term representations o...

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Published in: Energy
ISSN: 0360-5442
Published: Elsevier BV 2020
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa53115
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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches using blade geometry resolved models are computationally expensive. Therefore, most array models use source term representations of rotors, normally actuator disk, actuator line or blade element disk. Unfortunately, these methods rarely capture enough physics to accurately predict power and at the same time correctly characterise the wake velocity field and turbulent structures.This study describes a new Generalised Actuator Disk CFD model (GAD-CFD), that achieves the required accuracy for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines and their wakes. This new method combines a finite volume CFD code with additional source terms representing the rotor, including: correct consideration of losses along the foil by modification of the distribution of downwash; a concise downwash distribution computation; recognition that foil cross section varies along the length; dynamically changing Reynolds numbers and the application of a tip radius correction. Also reported are foil lift and drag coefficients and their variation with thickness, surface roughness and Reynolds number, which is necessary for the proper characterisation the whole rotor.The effectiveness of this approach is investigated and validated against two experiments, and demonstrates improvements over traditional source term methods, in particular the correct CFD approach to tip losses and consequent downstream wake prediction. This study provides confidence in application to both small scale flume studies and large scale array deployments in both the marine and wind environments.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Energy</journal><volume>194</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>116803</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0360-5442</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>horizontal axis turbine, Finite volume, Hydrodynamics, Aerodynamics, Incompressible flow</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>3</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2020</publishedYear><publishedDate>2020-03-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.energy.2019.116803</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>UKRI, EP/N02057X/1</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-09-24T15:17:55.9688608</lastEdited><Created>2020-01-06T15:13:18.0590005</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Matthew</firstname><surname>Edmunds</surname><orcid/><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Alison</firstname><surname>Williams</surname><orcid>0000-0002-2494-1468</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Ian</firstname><surname>Masters</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7667-6670</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Arindam</firstname><surname>Banerjee</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>James H.</firstname><surname>VanZwieten</surname><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>53115__16326__2505e7d056c344988bbb030a1e0fdb17.pdf</filename><originalFilename>edmunds2019(2).pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2020-01-16T11:44:07.3777723</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>4315623</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY).</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling v2 53115 2020-01-06 A spatially nonlinear generalised actuator disk model for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines 3a5a9c64786ffb47f970ef5a5ae02659 Matthew Edmunds Matthew Edmunds true false cb1b1946eccac3bbf7592d6ab1c4d065 0000-0002-2494-1468 Alison Williams Alison Williams true false 6fa19551092853928cde0e6d5fac48a1 0000-0001-7667-6670 Ian Masters Ian Masters true false 2020-01-06 Efficient numerical simulation of renewable energy wind and tidal turbines is important for the layout of devices in farms. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches using blade geometry resolved models are computationally expensive. Therefore, most array models use source term representations of rotors, normally actuator disk, actuator line or blade element disk. Unfortunately, these methods rarely capture enough physics to accurately predict power and at the same time correctly characterise the wake velocity field and turbulent structures.This study describes a new Generalised Actuator Disk CFD model (GAD-CFD), that achieves the required accuracy for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines and their wakes. This new method combines a finite volume CFD code with additional source terms representing the rotor, including: correct consideration of losses along the foil by modification of the distribution of downwash; a concise downwash distribution computation; recognition that foil cross section varies along the length; dynamically changing Reynolds numbers and the application of a tip radius correction. Also reported are foil lift and drag coefficients and their variation with thickness, surface roughness and Reynolds number, which is necessary for the proper characterisation the whole rotor.The effectiveness of this approach is investigated and validated against two experiments, and demonstrates improvements over traditional source term methods, in particular the correct CFD approach to tip losses and consequent downstream wake prediction. This study provides confidence in application to both small scale flume studies and large scale array deployments in both the marine and wind environments. Journal Article Energy 194 116803 Elsevier BV 0360-5442 horizontal axis turbine, Finite volume, Hydrodynamics, Aerodynamics, Incompressible flow 1 3 2020 2020-03-01 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116803 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University UKRI, EP/N02057X/1 2024-09-24T15:17:55.9688608 2020-01-06T15:13:18.0590005 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Matthew Edmunds 1 Alison Williams 0000-0002-2494-1468 2 Ian Masters 0000-0001-7667-6670 3 Arindam Banerjee 4 James H. VanZwieten 5 53115__16326__2505e7d056c344988bbb030a1e0fdb17.pdf edmunds2019(2).pdf 2020-01-16T11:44:07.3777723 Output 4315623 application/pdf Version of Record true Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title A spatially nonlinear generalised actuator disk model for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines
spellingShingle A spatially nonlinear generalised actuator disk model for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines
Matthew Edmunds
Alison Williams
Ian Masters
title_short A spatially nonlinear generalised actuator disk model for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines
title_full A spatially nonlinear generalised actuator disk model for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines
title_fullStr A spatially nonlinear generalised actuator disk model for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines
title_full_unstemmed A spatially nonlinear generalised actuator disk model for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines
title_sort A spatially nonlinear generalised actuator disk model for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines
author_id_str_mv 3a5a9c64786ffb47f970ef5a5ae02659
cb1b1946eccac3bbf7592d6ab1c4d065
6fa19551092853928cde0e6d5fac48a1
author_id_fullname_str_mv 3a5a9c64786ffb47f970ef5a5ae02659_***_Matthew Edmunds
cb1b1946eccac3bbf7592d6ab1c4d065_***_Alison Williams
6fa19551092853928cde0e6d5fac48a1_***_Ian Masters
author Matthew Edmunds
Alison Williams
Ian Masters
author2 Matthew Edmunds
Alison Williams
Ian Masters
Arindam Banerjee
James H. VanZwieten
format Journal article
container_title Energy
container_volume 194
container_start_page 116803
publishDate 2020
institution Swansea University
issn 0360-5442
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116803
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Efficient numerical simulation of renewable energy wind and tidal turbines is important for the layout of devices in farms. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches using blade geometry resolved models are computationally expensive. Therefore, most array models use source term representations of rotors, normally actuator disk, actuator line or blade element disk. Unfortunately, these methods rarely capture enough physics to accurately predict power and at the same time correctly characterise the wake velocity field and turbulent structures.This study describes a new Generalised Actuator Disk CFD model (GAD-CFD), that achieves the required accuracy for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines and their wakes. This new method combines a finite volume CFD code with additional source terms representing the rotor, including: correct consideration of losses along the foil by modification of the distribution of downwash; a concise downwash distribution computation; recognition that foil cross section varies along the length; dynamically changing Reynolds numbers and the application of a tip radius correction. Also reported are foil lift and drag coefficients and their variation with thickness, surface roughness and Reynolds number, which is necessary for the proper characterisation the whole rotor.The effectiveness of this approach is investigated and validated against two experiments, and demonstrates improvements over traditional source term methods, in particular the correct CFD approach to tip losses and consequent downstream wake prediction. This study provides confidence in application to both small scale flume studies and large scale array deployments in both the marine and wind environments.
published_date 2020-03-01T15:17:54Z
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