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Managing type 1 diabetes in the active population

Nicola Keay Orcid Logo, Richard Bracken Orcid Logo

British Journal of Sports Medicine, Volume: 54, Issue: 13, Pages: 809 - 810

Swansea University Author: Richard Bracken Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101368

Abstract

Many high-profile athletes participate across a wide range of sports with type 1 diabetes. Team Type 1 encourages and supports those with type 1 diabetes to participate in physical activity, with professional cycling’s Team Novo Nordisk composed entirely of individuals with type 1 diabetes. Type 1 d...

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Published in: British Journal of Sports Medicine
ISSN: 0306-3674 1473-0480
Published: BMJ 2020
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa52862
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Abstract: Many high-profile athletes participate across a wide range of sports with type 1 diabetes. Team Type 1 encourages and supports those with type 1 diabetes to participate in physical activity, with professional cycling’s Team Novo Nordisk composed entirely of individuals with type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is likely to present early in an athlete’s career, a time when athletes may present with fatigue due to increased training loads. All physicians need to distinguish between possible causes of fatigue in these athletes.Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition with T-cell-mediated destruction of the pancreatic β cells of the islets of Langerhans, resulting in failure to produce sufficient insulin. The clinical outcome is an inability to adequately control glucose metabolism. Effective glucose metabolism is crucial in long-duration and high-intensity exercise. Self-administered exogenous insulin is required as a treatment to manage blood glucose.The physiological response to exercise is a progressive decrease in insulin and increase in the pancreatic α-cell-derived antagonist hormone glucagon, while exercise also increases insulin sensitivity (increased ‘sensitivity’ means that for a given dose, there is a more pronounced effect—insulin does its job ‘better’). In addition, there is an exercise-induced rise in sympathoadrenal hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine). This hormonal response influences circulating glucose and fat use, and is usually well-regulated. This is not the case in athletes with type 1 diabetes, where there is a substantial risk of both hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia. Patients often have the low bottom of range blood glucose for many hours after exercise. Individual with type 1 diabetes often need 48 hours to reset their autonomic function and replenish glycogen stores.
College: Faculty of Science and Engineering
Issue: 13
Start Page: 809
End Page: 810

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