On the Electro‐Optics of Carbon Stack Perovskite Solar Cells

Kerremans, Robin; Sandberg, Oskar; Meroni, Simone; Watson, Trystan; Armin, Ardalan; Meredith, Paul

doi:10.1002/solr.201900221

Journal article 984 views 241 downloads

On the Electro‐Optics of Carbon Stack Perovskite Solar Cells

Robin Kerremans, Oskar Sandberg

, Simone Meroni

, Trystan Watson

, Ardalan Armin

, Paul Meredith

Solar RRL, Volume: 4, Issue: 2, Start page: 1900221

Swansea University Authors: Robin Kerremans, Oskar Sandberg , Simone Meroni , Trystan Watson , Ardalan Armin , Paul Meredith

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28/01/20 ED - Permission to publish. https://application.wiley-vch.de/util/cta/physsci-en.pdf
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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/solr.201900221

Abstract

Mesoporous carbon stack architecture is attracting considerable interest as a candidate for scalable, low‐cost perovskite solar cells amenable to high‐throughput manufacturing. These cells are characterized by microns‐thick mesoporous titania and zirconia layers capped by a nonselective carbon elect...

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Published in:	Solar RRL
ISSN:	2367-198X 2367-198X
Published:	Wiley 2020
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa52738
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first_indexed	2020-01-24T13:43:57Z
last_indexed	2023-01-11T14:30:01Z
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These cells are characterized by microns‐thick mesoporous titania and zirconia layers capped by a nonselective carbon electrode with the whole stack being infused with a perovskite semiconductor. Although the architecture does not deliver the >20% power conversion efficiencies characteristic of perovskite planar and mesoporous geometries, it does produce cells with respectable efficiencies >16%, which is unexpected due to the carbon electrode being a nonideal anode and the active layers being so thick. Optimization of these cells requires an understanding of the coupled efficiencies of light absorption, charge generation, and extraction which is currently unavailable. Herein, a combined experimental‐simulation study that elucidates photogeneration and extraction is reported. By determining the optical constants of the individual components and using effective‐medium approximations, the internal quantum efficiencies (IQE) in both the titania and zirconia layers are determined to be ≈85%. Numerical drift‐diffusion simulations indicate that this high IQE is a consequence of the thick junctions reducing minority carrier concentrations at the electrodes, thereby decreasing surface recombination. This insight can now be used to tune the carbon stack for efficiency and simplicity.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Solar RRL</journal><volume>4</volume><journalNumber>2</journalNumber><paginationStart>1900221</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Wiley</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>2367-198X</issnPrint><issnElectronic>2367-198X</issnElectronic><keywords>carbon stack perovskite solar cells; drift-diffusion; internal quantum efficiency; optical modeling</keywords><publishedDay>7</publishedDay><publishedMonth>2</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2020</publishedYear><publishedDate>2020-02-07</publishedDate><doi>10.1002/solr.201900221</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Physics</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>SPH</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>EPSRC. Grant Number: EP/M015254/1 Ser Cymru II, ERDF. 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Grant Number: Rising Star</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2022-12-05T12:02:04.5382816</lastEdited><Created>2019-11-13T16:47:33.9015292</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Robin</firstname><surname>Kerremans</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Oskar</firstname><surname>Sandberg</surname><orcid>0000-0003-3778-8746</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Simone</firstname><surname>Meroni</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6901-772X</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Trystan</firstname><surname>Watson</surname><orcid>0000-0002-8015-1436</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Ardalan</firstname><surname>Armin</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6129-5354</orcid><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Paul</firstname><surname>Meredith</surname><orcid>0000-0002-9049-7414</orcid><order>6</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>52738__16418__0f7ee576d73140af84b2544fd17901bf.pdf</filename><originalFilename>Manuscript Submitted SRRL.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2020-01-24T08:39:34.3792252</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1494179</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Accepted Manuscript</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>28/01/20 ED - Permission to publish. https://application.wiley-vch.de/util/cta/physsci-en.pdf</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling	2022-12-05T12:02:04.5382816 v2 52738 2019-11-13 On the Electro‐Optics of Carbon Stack Perovskite Solar Cells ceb23b4837db851ac099a7d2762b341c Robin Kerremans Robin Kerremans true false 9e91512a54d5aee66cd77851a96ba747 0000-0003-3778-8746 Oskar Sandberg Oskar Sandberg true false 78a4cf80ab2fe6cca80716b5d357d8dd 0000-0002-6901-772X Simone Meroni Simone Meroni true false a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457 0000-0002-8015-1436 Trystan Watson Trystan Watson true false 22b270622d739d81e131bec7a819e2fd 0000-0002-6129-5354 Ardalan Armin Ardalan Armin true false 31e8fe57fa180d418afd48c3af280c2e 0000-0002-9049-7414 Paul Meredith Paul Meredith true false 2019-11-13 SPH Mesoporous carbon stack architecture is attracting considerable interest as a candidate for scalable, low‐cost perovskite solar cells amenable to high‐throughput manufacturing. These cells are characterized by microns‐thick mesoporous titania and zirconia layers capped by a nonselective carbon electrode with the whole stack being infused with a perovskite semiconductor. Although the architecture does not deliver the >20% power conversion efficiencies characteristic of perovskite planar and mesoporous geometries, it does produce cells with respectable efficiencies >16%, which is unexpected due to the carbon electrode being a nonideal anode and the active layers being so thick. Optimization of these cells requires an understanding of the coupled efficiencies of light absorption, charge generation, and extraction which is currently unavailable. Herein, a combined experimental‐simulation study that elucidates photogeneration and extraction is reported. By determining the optical constants of the individual components and using effective‐medium approximations, the internal quantum efficiencies (IQE) in both the titania and zirconia layers are determined to be ≈85%. Numerical drift‐diffusion simulations indicate that this high IQE is a consequence of the thick junctions reducing minority carrier concentrations at the electrodes, thereby decreasing surface recombination. This insight can now be used to tune the carbon stack for efficiency and simplicity. Journal Article Solar RRL 4 2 1900221 Wiley 2367-198X 2367-198X carbon stack perovskite solar cells; drift-diffusion; internal quantum efficiency; optical modeling 7 2 2020 2020-02-07 10.1002/solr.201900221 COLLEGE NANME Physics COLLEGE CODE SPH Swansea University EPSRC. Grant Number: EP/M015254/1 Ser Cymru II, ERDF. Grant Number: Ser Cymru II Ser Cymru II. Grant Number: Rising Star 2022-12-05T12:02:04.5382816 2019-11-13T16:47:33.9015292 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics Robin Kerremans 1 Oskar Sandberg 0000-0003-3778-8746 2 Simone Meroni 0000-0002-6901-772X 3 Trystan Watson 0000-0002-8015-1436 4 Ardalan Armin 0000-0002-6129-5354 5 Paul Meredith 0000-0002-9049-7414 6 52738__16418__0f7ee576d73140af84b2544fd17901bf.pdf Manuscript Submitted SRRL.pdf 2020-01-24T08:39:34.3792252 Output 1494179 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 28/01/20 ED - Permission to publish. https://application.wiley-vch.de/util/cta/physsci-en.pdf true
title	On the Electro‐Optics of Carbon Stack Perovskite Solar Cells
spellingShingle	On the Electro‐Optics of Carbon Stack Perovskite Solar Cells Robin Kerremans Oskar Sandberg Simone Meroni Trystan Watson Ardalan Armin Paul Meredith
title_short	On the Electro‐Optics of Carbon Stack Perovskite Solar Cells
title_full	On the Electro‐Optics of Carbon Stack Perovskite Solar Cells
title_fullStr	On the Electro‐Optics of Carbon Stack Perovskite Solar Cells
title_full_unstemmed	On the Electro‐Optics of Carbon Stack Perovskite Solar Cells
title_sort	On the Electro‐Optics of Carbon Stack Perovskite Solar Cells
author_id_str_mv	ceb23b4837db851ac099a7d2762b341c 9e91512a54d5aee66cd77851a96ba747 78a4cf80ab2fe6cca80716b5d357d8dd a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457 22b270622d739d81e131bec7a819e2fd 31e8fe57fa180d418afd48c3af280c2e
author_id_fullname_str_mv	ceb23b4837db851ac099a7d2762b341c_*_Robin Kerremans 9e91512a54d5aee66cd77851a96ba747__Oskar Sandberg 78a4cf80ab2fe6cca80716b5d357d8dd__Simone Meroni a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457__Trystan Watson 22b270622d739d81e131bec7a819e2fd__Ardalan Armin 31e8fe57fa180d418afd48c3af280c2e_*_Paul Meredith
author	Robin Kerremans Oskar Sandberg Simone Meroni Trystan Watson Ardalan Armin Paul Meredith
author2	Robin Kerremans Oskar Sandberg Simone Meroni Trystan Watson Ardalan Armin Paul Meredith
format	Journal article
container_title	Solar RRL
container_volume	4
container_issue	2
container_start_page	1900221
publishDate	2020
institution	Swansea University
issn	2367-198X 2367-198X
doi_str_mv	10.1002/solr.201900221
publisher	Wiley
college_str	Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id	facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id	facultyofscienceandengineering
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department_str	School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics
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description	Mesoporous carbon stack architecture is attracting considerable interest as a candidate for scalable, low‐cost perovskite solar cells amenable to high‐throughput manufacturing. These cells are characterized by microns‐thick mesoporous titania and zirconia layers capped by a nonselective carbon electrode with the whole stack being infused with a perovskite semiconductor. Although the architecture does not deliver the >20% power conversion efficiencies characteristic of perovskite planar and mesoporous geometries, it does produce cells with respectable efficiencies >16%, which is unexpected due to the carbon electrode being a nonideal anode and the active layers being so thick. Optimization of these cells requires an understanding of the coupled efficiencies of light absorption, charge generation, and extraction which is currently unavailable. Herein, a combined experimental‐simulation study that elucidates photogeneration and extraction is reported. By determining the optical constants of the individual components and using effective‐medium approximations, the internal quantum efficiencies (IQE) in both the titania and zirconia layers are determined to be ≈85%. Numerical drift‐diffusion simulations indicate that this high IQE is a consequence of the thick junctions reducing minority carrier concentrations at the electrodes, thereby decreasing surface recombination. This insight can now be used to tune the carbon stack for efficiency and simplicity.
published_date	2020-02-07T04:05:17Z
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score	11.036553

On the Electro‐Optics of Carbon Stack Perovskite Solar Cells

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