Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags

Unsworth, Richard; Bertelli, Chiara M.; Cullen-Unsworth, Leanne C.; Esteban, Nicole; Jones, Benjamin L.; Lilley, Richard; Lowe, Christopher; Nuuttila, Hanna; Rees, Sam

doi:10.3389/fevo.2019.00311

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Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags

Richard Unsworth

, Chiara M. Bertelli, Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth, Nicole Esteban

, Benjamin L. Jones, Richard Lilley, Christopher Lowe

, Hanna Nuuttila, Sam Rees

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Volume: 7

Swansea University Authors: Richard Unsworth , Nicole Esteban , Christopher Lowe , Hanna Nuuttila, Sam Rees

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DOI (Published version): 10.3389/fevo.2019.00311

Abstract

Seagrass meadows are an important wetland habitat that have been degraded globally but have an important carbon storage role. In order to expand the restoration of theseproductive and biodiverse habitats methods are required that can be used for large scale habitat creation across a range of environ...

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Published in:	Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
ISSN:	2296-701X
Published:	Frontiers Media SA 2019
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa51930
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first_indexed	2019-09-17T14:24:09Z
last_indexed	2020-11-04T04:04:21Z
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In order to expand the restoration of theseproductive and biodiverse habitats methods are required that can be used for large scale habitat creation across a range of environmental conditions. The spreading of seagrassseeds has been proven to be a successful method for restoring seagrass around the world, however in places where tidal range is large such methods become limited byresultant water movements. Here we describe and test a method for deploying seagrass seeds of the species Zostera marina over large scales using a new, simple method “Bagsof Seagrass Seeds Line (BoSSLine).” This method involved planting seeds and sediment using natural fiber hessian bags deployed along strings anchored onto the seabed. Whendeployed in a suitable environment 94% of bags developed mature seagrass shoots, unfortunately one site subjected to a large storm event resulted in sediment burial ofthe bags and no seed germination. Bags were filled with 100 seeds with each leading to the development of 2.37 ± 2.41 mature shoots (206 ± 87mm in length) 10 monthsafter planting. The method was proven successful however the experiments illustrated the need to ensure habitat suitability prior to their use. Low seed success rate wascomparable to other restoration studies, however further trials are recommended to ensure ways to improve this rate. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for aneffective, simple method “Bags of Seagrass Seeds Line (BoSSLine)” for deploying seeds of the seagrass Zostera marina over large scales.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</journal><volume>7</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Frontiers Media SA</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2296-701X</issnElectronic><keywords>seagrass, feedbacks (positive/negative), restoration, seagrass (Zostera), macrophytes (aquatic plants)</keywords><publishedDay>21</publishedDay><publishedMonth>8</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2019</publishedYear><publishedDate>2019-08-21</publishedDate><doi>10.3389/fevo.2019.00311</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biosciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>SBI</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2020-11-03T12:06:06.2661716</lastEdited><Created>2019-09-17T13:35:20.5814392</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Unsworth</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0036-9724</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Chiara M.</firstname><surname>Bertelli</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Leanne C.</firstname><surname>Cullen-Unsworth</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Nicole</firstname><surname>Esteban</surname><orcid>0000-0003-4693-7221</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Benjamin L.</firstname><surname>Jones</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Lilley</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Christopher</firstname><surname>Lowe</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1260-9975</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Hanna</firstname><surname>Nuuttila</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Sam</firstname><surname>Rees</surname><order>9</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>0051930-20092019154018.pdf</filename><originalFilename>51930.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2019-09-20T15:40:18.9370000</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>695017</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© 2020 Author(s). 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spelling	2020-11-03T12:06:06.2661716 v2 51930 2019-09-17 Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags b0f33acd13a3ab541cf2aaea27f4fc2f 0000-0003-0036-9724 Richard Unsworth Richard Unsworth true false fb2e760b83b4580e7445092982f1f319 0000-0003-4693-7221 Nicole Esteban Nicole Esteban true false 3f65a4b0ace1976a34bc32d76eb92e8f 0000-0003-1260-9975 Christopher Lowe Christopher Lowe true false 0302aad4bf64c26334e2a44a7e8e8f13 Hanna Nuuttila Hanna Nuuttila true false 25809349ff4e207ac37ac3846a87b51c Sam Rees Sam Rees true false 2019-09-17 SBI Seagrass meadows are an important wetland habitat that have been degraded globally but have an important carbon storage role. In order to expand the restoration of theseproductive and biodiverse habitats methods are required that can be used for large scale habitat creation across a range of environmental conditions. The spreading of seagrassseeds has been proven to be a successful method for restoring seagrass around the world, however in places where tidal range is large such methods become limited byresultant water movements. Here we describe and test a method for deploying seagrass seeds of the species Zostera marina over large scales using a new, simple method “Bagsof Seagrass Seeds Line (BoSSLine).” This method involved planting seeds and sediment using natural fiber hessian bags deployed along strings anchored onto the seabed. Whendeployed in a suitable environment 94% of bags developed mature seagrass shoots, unfortunately one site subjected to a large storm event resulted in sediment burial ofthe bags and no seed germination. Bags were filled with 100 seeds with each leading to the development of 2.37 ± 2.41 mature shoots (206 ± 87mm in length) 10 monthsafter planting. The method was proven successful however the experiments illustrated the need to ensure habitat suitability prior to their use. Low seed success rate wascomparable to other restoration studies, however further trials are recommended to ensure ways to improve this rate. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for aneffective, simple method “Bags of Seagrass Seeds Line (BoSSLine)” for deploying seeds of the seagrass Zostera marina over large scales. Journal Article Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 7 Frontiers Media SA 2296-701X seagrass, feedbacks (positive/negative), restoration, seagrass (Zostera), macrophytes (aquatic plants) 21 8 2019 2019-08-21 10.3389/fevo.2019.00311 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University 2020-11-03T12:06:06.2661716 2019-09-17T13:35:20.5814392 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Richard Unsworth 0000-0003-0036-9724 1 Chiara M. Bertelli 2 Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth 3 Nicole Esteban 0000-0003-4693-7221 4 Benjamin L. Jones 5 Richard Lilley 6 Christopher Lowe 0000-0003-1260-9975 7 Hanna Nuuttila 8 Sam Rees 9 0051930-20092019154018.pdf 51930.pdf 2019-09-20T15:40:18.9370000 Output 695017 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2020 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY) License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags
spellingShingle	Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags Richard Unsworth Nicole Esteban Christopher Lowe Hanna Nuuttila Sam Rees
title_short	Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags
title_full	Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags
title_fullStr	Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags
title_full_unstemmed	Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags
title_sort	Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags
author_id_str_mv	b0f33acd13a3ab541cf2aaea27f4fc2f fb2e760b83b4580e7445092982f1f319 3f65a4b0ace1976a34bc32d76eb92e8f 0302aad4bf64c26334e2a44a7e8e8f13 25809349ff4e207ac37ac3846a87b51c
author_id_fullname_str_mv	b0f33acd13a3ab541cf2aaea27f4fc2f_*_Richard Unsworth fb2e760b83b4580e7445092982f1f319__Nicole Esteban 3f65a4b0ace1976a34bc32d76eb92e8f__Christopher Lowe 0302aad4bf64c26334e2a44a7e8e8f13__Hanna Nuuttila 25809349ff4e207ac37ac3846a87b51c_**_Sam Rees
author	Richard Unsworth Nicole Esteban Christopher Lowe Hanna Nuuttila Sam Rees
author2	Richard Unsworth Chiara M. Bertelli Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth Nicole Esteban Benjamin L. Jones Richard Lilley Christopher Lowe Hanna Nuuttila Sam Rees
format	Journal article
container_title	Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
container_volume	7
publishDate	2019
institution	Swansea University
issn	2296-701X
doi_str_mv	10.3389/fevo.2019.00311
publisher	Frontiers Media SA
college_str	Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str	School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str	1
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description	Seagrass meadows are an important wetland habitat that have been degraded globally but have an important carbon storage role. In order to expand the restoration of theseproductive and biodiverse habitats methods are required that can be used for large scale habitat creation across a range of environmental conditions. The spreading of seagrassseeds has been proven to be a successful method for restoring seagrass around the world, however in places where tidal range is large such methods become limited byresultant water movements. Here we describe and test a method for deploying seagrass seeds of the species Zostera marina over large scales using a new, simple method “Bagsof Seagrass Seeds Line (BoSSLine).” This method involved planting seeds and sediment using natural fiber hessian bags deployed along strings anchored onto the seabed. Whendeployed in a suitable environment 94% of bags developed mature seagrass shoots, unfortunately one site subjected to a large storm event resulted in sediment burial ofthe bags and no seed germination. Bags were filled with 100 seeds with each leading to the development of 2.37 ± 2.41 mature shoots (206 ± 87mm in length) 10 monthsafter planting. The method was proven successful however the experiments illustrated the need to ensure habitat suitability prior to their use. Low seed success rate wascomparable to other restoration studies, however further trials are recommended to ensure ways to improve this rate. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for aneffective, simple method “Bags of Seagrass Seeds Line (BoSSLine)” for deploying seeds of the seagrass Zostera marina over large scales.
published_date	2019-08-21T04:04:00Z
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Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags

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