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Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts

Rafiq Mulla, Charles W. Dunnill, Charlie Dunnill Orcid Logo

ChemSusChem

Swansea University Author: Charlie Dunnill Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/cssc.201901426

Abstract

Ever‐increasing energy demands and environmental concerns require new and clean energy supplies, many of which are intermittent and do not correlate with demand. To balance supply with demand, a universal energy vector should be employed such that intermittent renewable energy can be stored and tran...

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Published in: ChemSusChem
ISSN: 1864-5631 1864-564X
Published: 2019
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa51618
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first_indexed 2019-08-29T14:53:23Z
last_indexed 2019-09-05T20:44:13Z
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spelling 2019-09-05T14:32:22.2558196 v2 51618 2019-08-29 Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts 0c4af8958eda0d2e914a5edc3210cd9e 0000-0003-4052-6931 Charlie Dunnill Charlie Dunnill true false 2019-08-29 CHEG Ever‐increasing energy demands and environmental concerns require new and clean energy supplies, many of which are intermittent and do not correlate with demand. To balance supply with demand, a universal energy vector should be employed such that intermittent renewable energy can be stored and transported and then used when needed. Hydrogen is the perfect universal energy vector and a possible solution that ensures environmental cleanliness, maximum utilization of renewable energy sources, and high efficiency, whereby the combustion of the fuel yields only water. One abundant and freely available energy source—both anthropogenic and natural—is heat. Heat can be obtained from industrial processes and is indeed often viewed as a waste product with a premium to remove but is notoriously difficult to capture, store, and transport. Capturing and storing low‐grade heat therefore provides a significant opportunity and can be achieved by coupling thermoelectric generators and water electrolyzers. A thermoelectric generator is placed within a thermal energy gradient and produces a flow of current that is fed to the electrolysis unit with which it produces hydrogen and oxygen as the final products. The hydrogen can be stored for long periods and transported for “on‐demand” use in fuel cells for electricity from hydrogen burners for a return to thermal energy. This Review summarizes the current state‐of‐the‐art research into implementing thermoelectric generators and utilizing heat as a primary energy source to produce hydrogen, which could replace the need for extra electric power to run hydrogen production units. Furthermore, suitable requirements, modifications, and other related aspects associated with such a new and novel method of hydrogen generation are discussed. Hydrogen produced from otherwise‐wasted energy sources can be considered to be green. Journal Article ChemSusChem 1864-5631 1864-564X 31 12 2019 2019-12-31 10.1002/cssc.201901426 COLLEGE NANME Chemical Engineering COLLEGE CODE CHEG Swansea University 2019-09-05T14:32:22.2558196 2019-08-29T09:59:58.7569430 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering Rafiq Mulla 1 Charles W. Dunnill 2 Charlie Dunnill 0000-0003-4052-6931 3 0051618-29082019103730.pdf mulla2019.pdf 2019-08-29T10:37:30.7830000 Output 2027254 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2020-07-17T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts
spellingShingle Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts
Charlie Dunnill
title_short Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts
title_full Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts
title_fullStr Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts
title_full_unstemmed Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts
title_sort Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts
author_id_str_mv 0c4af8958eda0d2e914a5edc3210cd9e
author_id_fullname_str_mv 0c4af8958eda0d2e914a5edc3210cd9e_***_Charlie Dunnill
author Charlie Dunnill
author2 Rafiq Mulla
Charles W. Dunnill
Charlie Dunnill
format Journal article
container_title ChemSusChem
publishDate 2019
institution Swansea University
issn 1864-5631
1864-564X
doi_str_mv 10.1002/cssc.201901426
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Ever‐increasing energy demands and environmental concerns require new and clean energy supplies, many of which are intermittent and do not correlate with demand. To balance supply with demand, a universal energy vector should be employed such that intermittent renewable energy can be stored and transported and then used when needed. Hydrogen is the perfect universal energy vector and a possible solution that ensures environmental cleanliness, maximum utilization of renewable energy sources, and high efficiency, whereby the combustion of the fuel yields only water. One abundant and freely available energy source—both anthropogenic and natural—is heat. Heat can be obtained from industrial processes and is indeed often viewed as a waste product with a premium to remove but is notoriously difficult to capture, store, and transport. Capturing and storing low‐grade heat therefore provides a significant opportunity and can be achieved by coupling thermoelectric generators and water electrolyzers. A thermoelectric generator is placed within a thermal energy gradient and produces a flow of current that is fed to the electrolysis unit with which it produces hydrogen and oxygen as the final products. The hydrogen can be stored for long periods and transported for “on‐demand” use in fuel cells for electricity from hydrogen burners for a return to thermal energy. This Review summarizes the current state‐of‐the‐art research into implementing thermoelectric generators and utilizing heat as a primary energy source to produce hydrogen, which could replace the need for extra electric power to run hydrogen production units. Furthermore, suitable requirements, modifications, and other related aspects associated with such a new and novel method of hydrogen generation are discussed. Hydrogen produced from otherwise‐wasted energy sources can be considered to be green.
published_date 2019-12-31T04:03:35Z
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score 11.036553

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