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Minimally Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using a Highly Porous Gold Microneedles-Based Biosensor: Characterization and Application in Artificial Interstitial Fluid

Paolo Bollella, Sanjiv Sharma Orcid Logo, Anthony E. G. Cass, Federico Tasca, Riccarda Antiochia

Catalysts, Volume: 9, Issue: 7, Start page: 580

Swansea University Author: Sanjiv Sharma Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/catal9070580

Abstract

In this paper, we present the first highly porous gold (h-PG) microneedles-based second-generation biosensor for minimally invasive monitoring of glucose in artificial interstitial fluid (ISF). A highly porous microneedles-based electrode was prepared by a simple electrochemical self-templating meth...

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Published in: Catalysts
ISSN: 2073-4344
Published: 2019
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa50906
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spelling 2019-07-04T11:34:11.5505206 v2 50906 2019-06-24 Minimally Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using a Highly Porous Gold Microneedles-Based Biosensor: Characterization and Application in Artificial Interstitial Fluid b6b7506358522f607b171ec9c94757b7 0000-0003-3828-737X Sanjiv Sharma Sanjiv Sharma true false 2019-06-24 MEDE In this paper, we present the first highly porous gold (h-PG) microneedles-based second-generation biosensor for minimally invasive monitoring of glucose in artificial interstitial fluid (ISF). A highly porous microneedles-based electrode was prepared by a simple electrochemical self-templating method that involves two steps, gold electrodeposition and hydrogen bubbling at the electrode, which were realized by applying a potential of −2 V versus a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The highly porous gold surface of the microneedles was modified by immobilization of 6-(ferrocenyl)hexanethiol (FcSH) as a redox mediator and subsequently by immobilization of a flavin adenine dinucleotide glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) enzyme using a drop-casting method. The microneedles-based FcSH/FAD-GDH biosensor allows for the detection of glucose in artificial interstitial fluid with an extended linear range (0.1–10 mM), high sensitivity (50.86 µA cm−2 mM−1), stability (20% signal loss after 30 days), selectivity (only ascorbic acid showed a response about 10% of glucose signal), and a short response time (3 s). These properties were favourably compared to other microneedles-based glucose biosensors reported in the literature. Finally, the microneedle-arrays-based second-generation biosensor for glucose detection was tested in artificial interstitial fluid opportunely spiked with different concentrations of glucose (simulating healthy physiological conditions while fasting and after lunch) and by placing the electrode into a simulated chitosan/agarose hydrogel skin model embedded in the artificial ISF (continuous glucose monitoring). The obtained current signals had a lag-time of about 2 min compared to the experiments in solution, but they fit perfectly into the linearity range of the biosensor (0.1–10 mM). These promising results show that the proposed h-PG microneedles-based sensor could be used as a wearable, disposable, user-friendly, and automated diagnostic tool for diabetes patients. Journal Article Catalysts 9 7 580 2073-4344 microneedles; porous gold; glucose; interstitial fluid; minimally invasive 31 12 2019 2019-12-31 10.3390/catal9070580 COLLEGE NANME Biomedical Engineering COLLEGE CODE MEDE Swansea University 2019-07-04T11:34:11.5505206 2019-06-24T10:26:27.8245197 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering Paolo Bollella 1 Sanjiv Sharma 0000-0003-3828-737X 2 Anthony E. G. Cass 3 Federico Tasca 4 Riccarda Antiochia 5 0050906-04072019113403.pdf bollela2019.pdf 2019-07-04T11:34:03.1970000 Output 3281848 application/pdf Version of Record true 2019-07-04T00:00:00.0000000 false eng
title Minimally Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using a Highly Porous Gold Microneedles-Based Biosensor: Characterization and Application in Artificial Interstitial Fluid
spellingShingle Minimally Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using a Highly Porous Gold Microneedles-Based Biosensor: Characterization and Application in Artificial Interstitial Fluid
Sanjiv Sharma
title_short Minimally Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using a Highly Porous Gold Microneedles-Based Biosensor: Characterization and Application in Artificial Interstitial Fluid
title_full Minimally Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using a Highly Porous Gold Microneedles-Based Biosensor: Characterization and Application in Artificial Interstitial Fluid
title_fullStr Minimally Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using a Highly Porous Gold Microneedles-Based Biosensor: Characterization and Application in Artificial Interstitial Fluid
title_full_unstemmed Minimally Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using a Highly Porous Gold Microneedles-Based Biosensor: Characterization and Application in Artificial Interstitial Fluid
title_sort Minimally Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using a Highly Porous Gold Microneedles-Based Biosensor: Characterization and Application in Artificial Interstitial Fluid
author_id_str_mv b6b7506358522f607b171ec9c94757b7
author_id_fullname_str_mv b6b7506358522f607b171ec9c94757b7_***_Sanjiv Sharma
author Sanjiv Sharma
author2 Paolo Bollella
Sanjiv Sharma
Anthony E. G. Cass
Federico Tasca
Riccarda Antiochia
format Journal article
container_title Catalysts
container_volume 9
container_issue 7
container_start_page 580
publishDate 2019
institution Swansea University
issn 2073-4344
doi_str_mv 10.3390/catal9070580
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description In this paper, we present the first highly porous gold (h-PG) microneedles-based second-generation biosensor for minimally invasive monitoring of glucose in artificial interstitial fluid (ISF). A highly porous microneedles-based electrode was prepared by a simple electrochemical self-templating method that involves two steps, gold electrodeposition and hydrogen bubbling at the electrode, which were realized by applying a potential of −2 V versus a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The highly porous gold surface of the microneedles was modified by immobilization of 6-(ferrocenyl)hexanethiol (FcSH) as a redox mediator and subsequently by immobilization of a flavin adenine dinucleotide glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) enzyme using a drop-casting method. The microneedles-based FcSH/FAD-GDH biosensor allows for the detection of glucose in artificial interstitial fluid with an extended linear range (0.1–10 mM), high sensitivity (50.86 µA cm−2 mM−1), stability (20% signal loss after 30 days), selectivity (only ascorbic acid showed a response about 10% of glucose signal), and a short response time (3 s). These properties were favourably compared to other microneedles-based glucose biosensors reported in the literature. Finally, the microneedle-arrays-based second-generation biosensor for glucose detection was tested in artificial interstitial fluid opportunely spiked with different concentrations of glucose (simulating healthy physiological conditions while fasting and after lunch) and by placing the electrode into a simulated chitosan/agarose hydrogel skin model embedded in the artificial ISF (continuous glucose monitoring). The obtained current signals had a lag-time of about 2 min compared to the experiments in solution, but they fit perfectly into the linearity range of the biosensor (0.1–10 mM). These promising results show that the proposed h-PG microneedles-based sensor could be used as a wearable, disposable, user-friendly, and automated diagnostic tool for diabetes patients.
published_date 2019-12-31T04:02:35Z
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