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Sources of Pb(0) artefacts during XPS analysis of lead halide perovskites

James McGettrick Orcid Logo, Katherine Hooper, Adam Pockett, Jenny Baker Orcid Logo, Joel Troughton, Matt Carnie Orcid Logo, Trystan Watson Orcid Logo

Materials Letters

Swansea University Authors: James McGettrick Orcid Logo, Jenny Baker Orcid Logo, Matt Carnie Orcid Logo, Trystan Watson Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.matlet.2019.04.081

Abstract

X-Ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of methyl ammonium lead halide perovskite films typically show the presence of lead as Pb(II), but Pb(0) is also often observed, potentially influencing the interpretation of the device physics. In this article the reproducible evolution of Pb(0) peaks...

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Published in: Materials Letters
ISSN: 0167-577X
Published: 2019
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa50176
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last_indexed 2019-06-05T11:06:38Z
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spelling 2019-05-27T14:53:37.9510932 v2 50176 2019-05-01 Sources of Pb(0) artefacts during XPS analysis of lead halide perovskites bdbacc591e2de05180e0fd3cc13fa480 0000-0002-7719-2958 James McGettrick James McGettrick true false 6913b56f36f0c8cd34d8c9040d2df460 0000-0003-3530-1957 Jenny Baker Jenny Baker true false 73b367694366a646b90bb15db32bb8c0 0000-0002-4232-1967 Matt Carnie Matt Carnie true false a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457 0000-0002-8015-1436 Trystan Watson Trystan Watson true false 2019-05-01 MTLS X-Ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of methyl ammonium lead halide perovskite films typically show the presence of lead as Pb(II), but Pb(0) is also often observed, potentially influencing the interpretation of the device physics. In this article the reproducible evolution of Pb(0) peaks which are likely artefacts generated under typical XPS analytical conditions are demonstrated from methyl ammonium lead halide films that contain no Pb(0) initially. The evolution of Pb(0) occurs via (1) X-ray photolysis under typical analytical conditions and (2) alongside other chemical changes as a result of film aging in air. In both cases we note the presence of PbI2 as a common factor contributing to in situ reactions to generate Pb(0) artefacts. Hence the observation of Pb(0) should be treated with extreme caution and here we recommend simple precautions to ensure materials analysis of these films gives reliable information when analyzed under UHV conditions. Journal Article Materials Letters 0167-577X 31 12 2019 2019-12-31 10.1016/j.matlet.2019.04.081 COLLEGE NANME Materials Science and Engineering COLLEGE CODE MTLS Swansea University 2019-05-27T14:53:37.9510932 2019-05-01T09:52:46.6424864 James McGettrick 0000-0002-7719-2958 1 Katherine Hooper 2 Adam Pockett 3 Jenny Baker 0000-0003-3530-1957 4 Joel Troughton 5 Matt Carnie 0000-0002-4232-1967 6 Trystan Watson 0000-0002-8015-1436 7 0050176-01052019095457.pdf mcgettrick2019.pdf 2019-05-01T09:54:57.2670000 Output 6621142 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2020-04-20T00:00:00.0000000 Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License (CC-BY-NC-ND). true eng
title Sources of Pb(0) artefacts during XPS analysis of lead halide perovskites
spellingShingle Sources of Pb(0) artefacts during XPS analysis of lead halide perovskites
James McGettrick
Jenny Baker
Matt Carnie
Trystan Watson
title_short Sources of Pb(0) artefacts during XPS analysis of lead halide perovskites
title_full Sources of Pb(0) artefacts during XPS analysis of lead halide perovskites
title_fullStr Sources of Pb(0) artefacts during XPS analysis of lead halide perovskites
title_full_unstemmed Sources of Pb(0) artefacts during XPS analysis of lead halide perovskites
title_sort Sources of Pb(0) artefacts during XPS analysis of lead halide perovskites
author_id_str_mv bdbacc591e2de05180e0fd3cc13fa480
6913b56f36f0c8cd34d8c9040d2df460
73b367694366a646b90bb15db32bb8c0
a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457
author_id_fullname_str_mv bdbacc591e2de05180e0fd3cc13fa480_***_James McGettrick
6913b56f36f0c8cd34d8c9040d2df460_***_Jenny Baker
73b367694366a646b90bb15db32bb8c0_***_Matt Carnie
a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457_***_Trystan Watson
author James McGettrick
Jenny Baker
Matt Carnie
Trystan Watson
author2 James McGettrick
Katherine Hooper
Adam Pockett
Jenny Baker
Joel Troughton
Matt Carnie
Trystan Watson
format Journal article
container_title Materials Letters
publishDate 2019
institution Swansea University
issn 0167-577X
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.matlet.2019.04.081
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description X-Ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of methyl ammonium lead halide perovskite films typically show the presence of lead as Pb(II), but Pb(0) is also often observed, potentially influencing the interpretation of the device physics. In this article the reproducible evolution of Pb(0) peaks which are likely artefacts generated under typical XPS analytical conditions are demonstrated from methyl ammonium lead halide films that contain no Pb(0) initially. The evolution of Pb(0) occurs via (1) X-ray photolysis under typical analytical conditions and (2) alongside other chemical changes as a result of film aging in air. In both cases we note the presence of PbI2 as a common factor contributing to in situ reactions to generate Pb(0) artefacts. Hence the observation of Pb(0) should be treated with extreme caution and here we recommend simple precautions to ensure materials analysis of these films gives reliable information when analyzed under UHV conditions.
published_date 2019-12-31T04:01:31Z
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score 11.036553

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