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Polarity-Dependent High Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanorods and Its Relation to Hydrogen

Thomas Cossuet, Fabrice Donatini, Alex Lord Orcid Logo, Estelle Appert, Julien Pernot, Vincent Consonni

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Volume: 122, Issue: 39, Pages: 22767 - 22775

Swansea University Author: Alex Lord Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07388

Abstract

A statistical analysis of the electrical properties of selective area grown O- and Zn-polar ZnO nanorods by chemical bath deposition is performed by four-point probe resistivity measurements in patterned metal contact and multiprobe scanning tunneling microscopy configurations. We show that ZnO nano...

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Published in: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
ISSN: 1932-7447 1932-7455
Published: 2018
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa44848
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first_indexed 2018-10-11T13:29:03Z
last_indexed 2018-12-13T19:59:18Z
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spelling 2018-12-13T13:37:30.0808988 v2 44848 2018-10-11 Polarity-Dependent High Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanorods and Its Relation to Hydrogen d547bad707e12f5a9f12d4fcbeea87ed 0000-0002-6258-2187 Alex Lord Alex Lord true false 2018-10-11 EEN A statistical analysis of the electrical properties of selective area grown O- and Zn-polar ZnO nanorods by chemical bath deposition is performed by four-point probe resistivity measurements in patterned metal contact and multiprobe scanning tunneling microscopy configurations. We show that ZnO nanorods with either polarity exhibit a bulklike electrical conduction in their core and are highly conductive. O-polar ZnO nanorods with a smaller mean electrical conductivity have a nonmetallic or metallic electrical conduction, depending on the nano-object considered, while the vast majority of Zn-polar ZnO nanorods with a larger mean electrical conductivity present a metallic electrical conduction. We reveal, from Raman scattering and spatially resolved 5 K cathodoluminescence measurements, that the resulting high carrier density of ZnO nanorods with O or Zn polarity is due to the massive incorporation of hydrogen in the form of interstitial hydrogen in bond-centered sites (HBC), substitutional hydrogen on the oxygen lattice site (HO), and multiple O–H bonds in a zinc vacancy (VZn–Hn). While HBC is largely incorporated in ZnO nanorods with either polarity, HO and (VZn–Hn) defect complexes appear as the dominant hydrogen-related species in O- and Zn-polar ZnO nanorods, respectively. These findings reveal that polarity greatly affects the electrical and optical properties of ZnO nanorods. They further cast a light on the dominant role of hydrogen when ZnO nanorods are grown by the widely used chemical bath deposition technique. This work should be considered for any strategy for thoroughly controlling their physical properties as a prerequisite for their efficient integration into nanoscale engineering devices. Journal Article The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122 39 22767 22775 1932-7447 1932-7455 31 12 2018 2018-12-31 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07388 COLLEGE NANME Engineering COLLEGE CODE EEN Swansea University 2018-12-13T13:37:30.0808988 2018-10-11T08:36:13.1705377 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Thomas Cossuet 1 Fabrice Donatini 2 Alex Lord 0000-0002-6258-2187 3 Estelle Appert 4 Julien Pernot 5 Vincent Consonni 6
title Polarity-Dependent High Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanorods and Its Relation to Hydrogen
spellingShingle Polarity-Dependent High Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanorods and Its Relation to Hydrogen
Alex Lord
title_short Polarity-Dependent High Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanorods and Its Relation to Hydrogen
title_full Polarity-Dependent High Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanorods and Its Relation to Hydrogen
title_fullStr Polarity-Dependent High Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanorods and Its Relation to Hydrogen
title_full_unstemmed Polarity-Dependent High Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanorods and Its Relation to Hydrogen
title_sort Polarity-Dependent High Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanorods and Its Relation to Hydrogen
author_id_str_mv d547bad707e12f5a9f12d4fcbeea87ed
author_id_fullname_str_mv d547bad707e12f5a9f12d4fcbeea87ed_***_Alex Lord
author Alex Lord
author2 Thomas Cossuet
Fabrice Donatini
Alex Lord
Estelle Appert
Julien Pernot
Vincent Consonni
format Journal article
container_title The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
container_volume 122
container_issue 39
container_start_page 22767
publishDate 2018
institution Swansea University
issn 1932-7447
1932-7455
doi_str_mv 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07388
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description A statistical analysis of the electrical properties of selective area grown O- and Zn-polar ZnO nanorods by chemical bath deposition is performed by four-point probe resistivity measurements in patterned metal contact and multiprobe scanning tunneling microscopy configurations. We show that ZnO nanorods with either polarity exhibit a bulklike electrical conduction in their core and are highly conductive. O-polar ZnO nanorods with a smaller mean electrical conductivity have a nonmetallic or metallic electrical conduction, depending on the nano-object considered, while the vast majority of Zn-polar ZnO nanorods with a larger mean electrical conductivity present a metallic electrical conduction. We reveal, from Raman scattering and spatially resolved 5 K cathodoluminescence measurements, that the resulting high carrier density of ZnO nanorods with O or Zn polarity is due to the massive incorporation of hydrogen in the form of interstitial hydrogen in bond-centered sites (HBC), substitutional hydrogen on the oxygen lattice site (HO), and multiple O–H bonds in a zinc vacancy (VZn–Hn). While HBC is largely incorporated in ZnO nanorods with either polarity, HO and (VZn–Hn) defect complexes appear as the dominant hydrogen-related species in O- and Zn-polar ZnO nanorods, respectively. These findings reveal that polarity greatly affects the electrical and optical properties of ZnO nanorods. They further cast a light on the dominant role of hydrogen when ZnO nanorods are grown by the widely used chemical bath deposition technique. This work should be considered for any strategy for thoroughly controlling their physical properties as a prerequisite for their efficient integration into nanoscale engineering devices.
published_date 2018-12-31T03:56:18Z
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score 11.013148

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