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Physical activity and lifestyle behaviours in obesity and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: The PREVIEW Project / Nils Joseph Swindell

Swansea University Author: Nils Joseph Swindell

DOI (Published version): 10.23889/Suthesis.43702

Abstract

Interventions are needed to stem the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Physical activity (PA) is integral to lifestyle interventions, however, a paucity of research applying objective measures of PA exists in populations at risk of diabetes. Insight into changing PA and dietary behaviours is requ...

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Published: 2018
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43702
first_indexed 2018-09-06T12:58:26Z
last_indexed 2025-04-04T04:16:16Z
id cronfa43702
recordtype RisThesis
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spelling 2025-04-03T11:10:47.8890189 v2 43702 2018-09-06 Physical activity and lifestyle behaviours in obesity and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: The PREVIEW Project 189d1ae79723a932dc37ae54fff6e4cd 0000-0003-3742-6139 Nils Joseph Swindell Nils Joseph Swindell true true 2018-09-06 Interventions are needed to stem the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Physical activity (PA) is integral to lifestyle interventions, however, a paucity of research applying objective measures of PA exists in populations at risk of diabetes. Insight into changing PA and dietary behaviours is required to develop effective interventions. The aim of this thesis was to capture an insight into high-risk behaviours and behaviour change in pre-diabetic adults, and assess the feasibility of running an intervention in overweight and obese children. Study 1 investigated the associations between objectively measured PA and cardio-metabolic risk factors in pre-diabetic adults from 8 countries. Results indicated that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was negatively associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors. However, associations between total PA and all risk factors were at least as strong as than MVPA. Study 2 examined the psychosocial correlates of objectively measured PA. Results showed that habit-strength and exercise intentions were negatively and positively associated with MVPA respectively. Two-way interactions between peer support and inactivity temptations and between age and social support, suggested that social support was of greater importance in older participants and in the presence of inactivity temptations. Associations between PA self-efficacy and goal adjustment were country specific. Study 3 investigated associations between body fat% and lifestyle behaviours in 15,977 children aged 9-11yrs. Multilevel-models revealed body fat% was negatively associated with active transport to school, full fat milk and sweetened beverage consumption. Later bed time was positively associated with body fat%. No change was found in associations over a 10-year period. Study 4 used mixed methods case studies combining participant perceptions of the behaviour change process with objective outcome measures to assess the feasibility of running an intervention in children. Three of the four cases showed improvements in dietary and PA behaviour and reductions in BMI z-score, HOMA-IR and HbA1c. Semi-structured interviews indicated that behavioural changes occurred despite not always being detected by objective measures, possibly due to compensation effects or seasonal changes. Furthermore, goal setting was considered useful but planning goals waned throughout the study. Compliance with self-monitoring techniques was low and largely reliant on parents. E-Thesis Type 2 Diabetes, Pre-diabetes, obesity, prevention, physical activity, accelerometer, PREVIEW 31 12 2018 2018-12-31 10.23889/Suthesis.43702 COLLEGE NANME Sports Science COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Doctoral Ph.D Not Required 2025-04-03T11:10:47.8890189 2018-09-06T09:36:50.3649691 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences Nils Joseph Swindell 0000-0003-3742-6139 1 0043702-06092018095656.pdf Swindell_Nils-__PhD_thesis_v1.1.pdf 2018-09-06T09:56:56.8370000 Output 15740739 application/pdf Redacted version - open access true 2018-09-06T00:00:00.0000000 false
title Physical activity and lifestyle behaviours in obesity and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: The PREVIEW Project
spellingShingle Physical activity and lifestyle behaviours in obesity and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: The PREVIEW Project
Nils Joseph Swindell
title_short Physical activity and lifestyle behaviours in obesity and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: The PREVIEW Project
title_full Physical activity and lifestyle behaviours in obesity and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: The PREVIEW Project
title_fullStr Physical activity and lifestyle behaviours in obesity and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: The PREVIEW Project
title_full_unstemmed Physical activity and lifestyle behaviours in obesity and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: The PREVIEW Project
title_sort Physical activity and lifestyle behaviours in obesity and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: The PREVIEW Project
author_id_str_mv 189d1ae79723a932dc37ae54fff6e4cd
author_id_fullname_str_mv 189d1ae79723a932dc37ae54fff6e4cd_***_Nils Joseph Swindell
author Nils Joseph Swindell
author2 Nils Joseph Swindell
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2018
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/Suthesis.43702
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
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description Interventions are needed to stem the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Physical activity (PA) is integral to lifestyle interventions, however, a paucity of research applying objective measures of PA exists in populations at risk of diabetes. Insight into changing PA and dietary behaviours is required to develop effective interventions. The aim of this thesis was to capture an insight into high-risk behaviours and behaviour change in pre-diabetic adults, and assess the feasibility of running an intervention in overweight and obese children. Study 1 investigated the associations between objectively measured PA and cardio-metabolic risk factors in pre-diabetic adults from 8 countries. Results indicated that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was negatively associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors. However, associations between total PA and all risk factors were at least as strong as than MVPA. Study 2 examined the psychosocial correlates of objectively measured PA. Results showed that habit-strength and exercise intentions were negatively and positively associated with MVPA respectively. Two-way interactions between peer support and inactivity temptations and between age and social support, suggested that social support was of greater importance in older participants and in the presence of inactivity temptations. Associations between PA self-efficacy and goal adjustment were country specific. Study 3 investigated associations between body fat% and lifestyle behaviours in 15,977 children aged 9-11yrs. Multilevel-models revealed body fat% was negatively associated with active transport to school, full fat milk and sweetened beverage consumption. Later bed time was positively associated with body fat%. No change was found in associations over a 10-year period. Study 4 used mixed methods case studies combining participant perceptions of the behaviour change process with objective outcome measures to assess the feasibility of running an intervention in children. Three of the four cases showed improvements in dietary and PA behaviour and reductions in BMI z-score, HOMA-IR and HbA1c. Semi-structured interviews indicated that behavioural changes occurred despite not always being detected by objective measures, possibly due to compensation effects or seasonal changes. Furthermore, goal setting was considered useful but planning goals waned throughout the study. Compliance with self-monitoring techniques was low and largely reliant on parents.
published_date 2018-12-31T07:40:41Z
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score 11.0599785

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