Bilingualism shapes the other race effect

Burns, Edwin; Burns, Edwin J.; Tree, Jeremy; Chan, Alice H.D.; Xu, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2018.07.004

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Bilingualism shapes the other race effect

Edwin Burns

, Edwin J. Burns, Jeremy Tree

, Alice H.D. Chan, Hong Xu

Vision Research

Swansea University Authors: Edwin Burns , Jeremy Tree

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.visres.2018.07.004

Abstract

It has recently been suggested that the other race effect (ORE), whereby own race faces are recognised better than those of other races, can be abolished by bilingualism. Bilingualism, however, is not a categorical variable but can vary dramatically in proficiency across the two languages. We theref...

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Published in:	Vision Research
ISSN:	00426989
Published:	2019
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43515

first_indexed	2018-08-18T13:48:53Z
last_indexed	2018-11-19T20:19:15Z
id	cronfa43515
recordtype	SURis
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spelling	2018-11-19T15:41:45.3783736 v2 43515 2018-08-18 Bilingualism shapes the other race effect fd2ee0c494abf5744c49ab6dd1f034bc 0000-0002-5938-5457 Edwin Burns Edwin Burns true false 373fd575114a743d502a979c6161b1ad 0000-0001-6000-8125 Jeremy Tree Jeremy Tree true false 2018-08-18 PSYS It has recently been suggested that the other race effect (ORE), whereby own race faces are recognised better than those of other races, can be abolished by bilingualism. Bilingualism, however, is not a categorical variable but can vary dramatically in proficiency across the two languages. We therefore hypothesised that increasing bilingual proficiency should be associated with a diminishing ORE. To test this, we asked a group of bilingual Singaporean Chinese individuals to complete the Asian and Caucasian Cambridge Face Memory Tests. In contrast to recent work, our bilinguals did as a group exhibit an ORE, however, the magnitude of this effect decreased as reported cross-language proficiency increased; Chinese, rather than English, listening ability drove this association. This relationship persisted even when taking into account our participants' exposure to Caucasians, own race memory ability, age, and gender. Moreover, we discounted the possibility that bilingualism merely reflected participants' underlying intelligence. Increasing auditory bilingualism thus diminishes perceptual narrowing for faces. We propose that other race recognition ability reflects the base level of intrinsic, domain specific face memory, whereas the distance in recognition performance between own and other race faces is comprised of a domain general process related to stimulus individuation. Finally, our results have serious implications for how we can interpret prior research investigating the ORE, and culture's influence on visual perception, due to the confounding influence of bilingualism. Journal Article Vision Research 00426989 1 4 2019 2019-04-01 10.1016/j.visres.2018.07.004 COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University 2018-11-19T15:41:45.3783736 2018-08-18T09:34:06.0060789 Edwin Burns 0000-0002-5938-5457 1 Edwin J. Burns 2 Jeremy Tree 0000-0001-6000-8125 3 Alice H.D. Chan 4 Hong Xu 5 0043515-26092018161739.pdf 43515v2.pdf 2018-09-26T16:17:39.0230000 Output 585557 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2019-09-08T00:00:00.0000000 Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License (CC-BY-NC-ND). true eng
title	Bilingualism shapes the other race effect
spellingShingle	Bilingualism shapes the other race effect Edwin Burns Jeremy Tree
title_short	Bilingualism shapes the other race effect
title_full	Bilingualism shapes the other race effect
title_fullStr	Bilingualism shapes the other race effect
title_full_unstemmed	Bilingualism shapes the other race effect
title_sort	Bilingualism shapes the other race effect
author_id_str_mv	fd2ee0c494abf5744c49ab6dd1f034bc 373fd575114a743d502a979c6161b1ad
author_id_fullname_str_mv	fd2ee0c494abf5744c49ab6dd1f034bc_*_Edwin Burns 373fd575114a743d502a979c6161b1ad_*_Jeremy Tree
author	Edwin Burns Jeremy Tree
author2	Edwin Burns Edwin J. Burns Jeremy Tree Alice H.D. Chan Hong Xu
format	Journal article
container_title	Vision Research
publishDate	2019
institution	Swansea University
issn	00426989
doi_str_mv	10.1016/j.visres.2018.07.004
document_store_str	1
active_str	0
description	It has recently been suggested that the other race effect (ORE), whereby own race faces are recognised better than those of other races, can be abolished by bilingualism. Bilingualism, however, is not a categorical variable but can vary dramatically in proficiency across the two languages. We therefore hypothesised that increasing bilingual proficiency should be associated with a diminishing ORE. To test this, we asked a group of bilingual Singaporean Chinese individuals to complete the Asian and Caucasian Cambridge Face Memory Tests. In contrast to recent work, our bilinguals did as a group exhibit an ORE, however, the magnitude of this effect decreased as reported cross-language proficiency increased; Chinese, rather than English, listening ability drove this association. This relationship persisted even when taking into account our participants' exposure to Caucasians, own race memory ability, age, and gender. Moreover, we discounted the possibility that bilingualism merely reflected participants' underlying intelligence. Increasing auditory bilingualism thus diminishes perceptual narrowing for faces. We propose that other race recognition ability reflects the base level of intrinsic, domain specific face memory, whereas the distance in recognition performance between own and other race faces is comprised of a domain general process related to stimulus individuation. Finally, our results have serious implications for how we can interpret prior research investigating the ORE, and culture's influence on visual perception, due to the confounding influence of bilingualism.
published_date	2019-04-01T13:38:12Z
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score	11.048237

Bilingualism shapes the other race effect

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