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Stress, trauma and personality correlates of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress. / Samantha Fisher

Swansea University Author: Samantha Fisher

Abstract

Four studies were conducted with the following samples a): people with frequent nightmares; b) people with sleep apnoea; c) fire-fighters and d) people with traumatic brain injury. Nightmare frequency was significantly elevated in these groups compared to the normal population. Correlations between...

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Published: 2006
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42556
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first_indexed 2018-08-02T18:54:59Z
last_indexed 2018-08-03T10:10:28Z
id cronfa42556
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spelling 2018-08-02T16:24:29.6497963 v2 42556 2018-08-02 Stress, trauma and personality correlates of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress. 789d6eae8067fee19d689163a20d13dd NULL Samantha Fisher Samantha Fisher true true 2018-08-02 Four studies were conducted with the following samples a): people with frequent nightmares; b) people with sleep apnoea; c) fire-fighters and d) people with traumatic brain injury. Nightmare frequency was significantly elevated in these groups compared to the normal population. Correlations between nightmare frequency and various measures of psychopathology and individual differences were similar in size to those found in student samples. However, partialling out nightmare distress did not render nightmare frequency - psychopathology correlations negligible. Indeed, in the fire-fighters study, only one fire-fighter reported having a problem with nightmares. Nightmare frequency is thus not an artifact of nightmare distress in these samples. Defining nightmares as having to wake up the sleeper made no difference to between subjects correlations with the individual difference and psychopathology variables, and to within subjects correlations with state mood. However, requiring the dream to be very unpleasant as opposed to just moderately unpleasant to be classed as a nightmare did result in increased sizes of correlations. Within subjects correlations of pre-sleep mood with the presence/absence of a nightmare that night were small in comparison to between subjects analyses. Nightmares are thus more likely to be caused by general trait or long-term poor well being than by acute poor well-being. None of the individual difference variables assessed in this study predispose individuals to have nightmares under conditions of high anxiety or high depression. This was despite the individual difference variables in many cases having significant between subjects correlations with nightmare frequency. Ratings of PTSD correlated with nightmare frequency in individuals who had undergone repeated exposure to trauma (emergency service workers), and in individuals who had had one severe trauma (individuals with traumatic head injury). Despite sleep fragmentation there was no indication of cessation of dreaming in the patients with apnoea, but approximately one third of the participants with brain injury had complete cessation of dreaming. These results are discussed in terms of theories of nightmare formation, and of the continuity of waking and sleeping cognition. E-Thesis Clinical psychology. 31 12 2006 2006-12-31 COLLEGE NANME Psychology COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Doctoral Ph.D 2018-08-02T16:24:29.6497963 2018-08-02T16:24:29.6497963 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Samantha Fisher NULL 1 0042556-02082018162503.pdf 10805305.pdf 2018-08-02T16:25:03.8130000 Output 35967856 application/pdf E-Thesis true 2018-08-02T16:25:03.8130000 false
title Stress, trauma and personality correlates of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress.
spellingShingle Stress, trauma and personality correlates of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress.
Samantha Fisher
title_short Stress, trauma and personality correlates of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress.
title_full Stress, trauma and personality correlates of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress.
title_fullStr Stress, trauma and personality correlates of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress.
title_full_unstemmed Stress, trauma and personality correlates of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress.
title_sort Stress, trauma and personality correlates of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress.
author_id_str_mv 789d6eae8067fee19d689163a20d13dd
author_id_fullname_str_mv 789d6eae8067fee19d689163a20d13dd_***_Samantha Fisher
author Samantha Fisher
author2 Samantha Fisher
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2006
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Four studies were conducted with the following samples a): people with frequent nightmares; b) people with sleep apnoea; c) fire-fighters and d) people with traumatic brain injury. Nightmare frequency was significantly elevated in these groups compared to the normal population. Correlations between nightmare frequency and various measures of psychopathology and individual differences were similar in size to those found in student samples. However, partialling out nightmare distress did not render nightmare frequency - psychopathology correlations negligible. Indeed, in the fire-fighters study, only one fire-fighter reported having a problem with nightmares. Nightmare frequency is thus not an artifact of nightmare distress in these samples. Defining nightmares as having to wake up the sleeper made no difference to between subjects correlations with the individual difference and psychopathology variables, and to within subjects correlations with state mood. However, requiring the dream to be very unpleasant as opposed to just moderately unpleasant to be classed as a nightmare did result in increased sizes of correlations. Within subjects correlations of pre-sleep mood with the presence/absence of a nightmare that night were small in comparison to between subjects analyses. Nightmares are thus more likely to be caused by general trait or long-term poor well being than by acute poor well-being. None of the individual difference variables assessed in this study predispose individuals to have nightmares under conditions of high anxiety or high depression. This was despite the individual difference variables in many cases having significant between subjects correlations with nightmare frequency. Ratings of PTSD correlated with nightmare frequency in individuals who had undergone repeated exposure to trauma (emergency service workers), and in individuals who had had one severe trauma (individuals with traumatic head injury). Despite sleep fragmentation there was no indication of cessation of dreaming in the patients with apnoea, but approximately one third of the participants with brain injury had complete cessation of dreaming. These results are discussed in terms of theories of nightmare formation, and of the continuity of waking and sleeping cognition.
published_date 2006-12-31T03:53:12Z
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score 11.037253

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