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The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance

Natalie Brown Orcid Logo, N. Williams, M. Russell, C.J. Cook, L.P. Kilduff, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Volume: 35, Issue: 1, Pages: 221 - 226

Swansea University Authors: Natalie Brown Orcid Logo, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002485

Abstract

The effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on swimming performance was examined. Using a randomized, crossover design, National-and International-level swimmers (n=20; 14 males, 6 females) participated in three trials (Con, IPC-2h, IPC-24h). Lower-body IPC (4 x 5 min bi-lateral blood-flow restrict...

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Published in: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
ISSN: 1064-8011
Published: 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa38240
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2022-03-14T16:07:58.5243182</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>38240</id><entry>2018-01-22</entry><title>The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>22c0647f05ef81cb0ce67977c5efdfe4</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-2369-9881</ORCID><firstname>Natalie</firstname><surname>Brown</surname><name>Natalie Brown</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-9449-2293</ORCID><firstname>Liam</firstname><surname>Kilduff</surname><name>Liam Kilduff</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2018-01-22</date><deptcode>EAAS</deptcode><abstract>The effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on swimming performance was examined. Using a randomized, crossover design, National-and International-level swimmers (n=20; 14 males, 6 females) participated in three trials (Con, IPC-2h, IPC-24h). Lower-body IPC (4 x 5 min bi-lateral blood-flow restriction at 160-228 mmHg, and 5 min reperfusion) was used 2- (IPC-2h) or 24-h (IPC-24h) before a self-selected (100 m, n=15; 200 m, n=5) swimming time-trial (TT). The Con trial used a sham intervention (15 mmHg) 2h prior to exercise. All trials required a 40-min standardized pre-competition swimming warm-up (followed by 20-min rest; replicating pre-competition call room procedures) 1h before TT. Capillary blood (pH, blood gases and lactate concentrations) was taken immediately pre-and post-IPC, pre-TT and post-TT. No effects on TT for 100 m (P=0.995; IPC-2h: 64.94&#xB1;8.33 s; IPC-24h: 64.67&#xB1;8.50 s; Con: 64.94&#xB1; 8.24 s), 200 m (P=0.405; IPC-2h: 127.70&#xB1;10.66 s; IPC-24h: 129.26&#xB1;12.99 s; Con: 130.19&#xB1;10.27 s) or combined total time (IPC-2h: 84.27&#xB1;31.52 s; IPC-24h: 79.87&#xB1;29.72 s; Con: 80.55&#xB1;31.35 s) were observed following IPC. Base excess (IPC-2h: -13.37&#xB1;8.90 mmol&#x22C5;L-1; Con: -13.35&#xB1;7.07 mmol&#x22C5;L-1; IPC-24h: -16.53&#xB1;4.65 mmol&#x22C5;L-1), pH (0.22&#xB1;0.08; all conditions), bicarbonate (IPC-2h: -11.66&#xB1;3.52 mmol&#x22C5;L-1; Con: -11.62&#xB1;5.59 mmol&#x22C5;L-1; IPC-24h: -8.47&#xB1;9.02 mmol&#x22C5;L-1), total carbon dioxide (IPC-2h: -12.90&#xB1;3.92 mmol&#x22C5;L-1; Con: -11.55&#xB1;7.61 mmol&#x22C5;L-1; IPC-24h: 9.90&#xB1;8.40 mmol&#x22C5;L-1), percentage oxygen saturation (IPC-2h: -0.16&#xB1;1.86%; Con: +0.20&#xB1;1.93%; IPC-24h: +0.47&#xB1;2.10%) and blood lactate (IPC-2h: +12.87&#xB1;3.62 mmol&#x22C5;L-1; Con: +12.41&#xB1;4.02 mmol&#x22C5;L-1; IPC-24h: +13.27&#xB1;3.81 mmol&#x22C5;L-1) were influenced by swimming TT (P&lt;0.001), but not condition (all P&gt;0.05). No effect of IPC was seen when applied 2- or 24-h before swimming TT on any indices of performance or physiological measures recorded.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research</journal><volume>35</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart>221</paginationStart><paginationEnd>226</paginationEnd><publisher/><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>1064-8011</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords/><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>1</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2021</publishedYear><publishedDate>2021-01-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1519/JSC.0000000000002485</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Engineering and Applied Sciences School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>EAAS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2022-03-14T16:07:58.5243182</lastEdited><Created>2018-01-22T12:01:49.9079618</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Natalie</firstname><surname>Brown</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2369-9881</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>N.</firstname><surname>Williams</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>M.</firstname><surname>Russell</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>C.J.</firstname><surname>Cook</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>L.P.</firstname><surname>Kilduff</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Liam</firstname><surname>Kilduff</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9449-2293</orcid><order>6</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>0038240-22012018120338.pdf</filename><originalFilename>williams2018.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2018-01-22T12:03:38.2200000</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>271124</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Accepted Manuscript</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2019-01-30T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2022-03-14T16:07:58.5243182 v2 38240 2018-01-22 The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance 22c0647f05ef81cb0ce67977c5efdfe4 0000-0003-2369-9881 Natalie Brown Natalie Brown true false 972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98 0000-0001-9449-2293 Liam Kilduff Liam Kilduff true false 2018-01-22 EAAS The effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on swimming performance was examined. Using a randomized, crossover design, National-and International-level swimmers (n=20; 14 males, 6 females) participated in three trials (Con, IPC-2h, IPC-24h). Lower-body IPC (4 x 5 min bi-lateral blood-flow restriction at 160-228 mmHg, and 5 min reperfusion) was used 2- (IPC-2h) or 24-h (IPC-24h) before a self-selected (100 m, n=15; 200 m, n=5) swimming time-trial (TT). The Con trial used a sham intervention (15 mmHg) 2h prior to exercise. All trials required a 40-min standardized pre-competition swimming warm-up (followed by 20-min rest; replicating pre-competition call room procedures) 1h before TT. Capillary blood (pH, blood gases and lactate concentrations) was taken immediately pre-and post-IPC, pre-TT and post-TT. No effects on TT for 100 m (P=0.995; IPC-2h: 64.94±8.33 s; IPC-24h: 64.67±8.50 s; Con: 64.94± 8.24 s), 200 m (P=0.405; IPC-2h: 127.70±10.66 s; IPC-24h: 129.26±12.99 s; Con: 130.19±10.27 s) or combined total time (IPC-2h: 84.27±31.52 s; IPC-24h: 79.87±29.72 s; Con: 80.55±31.35 s) were observed following IPC. Base excess (IPC-2h: -13.37±8.90 mmol⋅L-1; Con: -13.35±7.07 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: -16.53±4.65 mmol⋅L-1), pH (0.22±0.08; all conditions), bicarbonate (IPC-2h: -11.66±3.52 mmol⋅L-1; Con: -11.62±5.59 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: -8.47±9.02 mmol⋅L-1), total carbon dioxide (IPC-2h: -12.90±3.92 mmol⋅L-1; Con: -11.55±7.61 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: 9.90±8.40 mmol⋅L-1), percentage oxygen saturation (IPC-2h: -0.16±1.86%; Con: +0.20±1.93%; IPC-24h: +0.47±2.10%) and blood lactate (IPC-2h: +12.87±3.62 mmol⋅L-1; Con: +12.41±4.02 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: +13.27±3.81 mmol⋅L-1) were influenced by swimming TT (P<0.001), but not condition (all P>0.05). No effect of IPC was seen when applied 2- or 24-h before swimming TT on any indices of performance or physiological measures recorded. Journal Article Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 35 1 221 226 1064-8011 1 1 2021 2021-01-01 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002485 COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University 2022-03-14T16:07:58.5243182 2018-01-22T12:01:49.9079618 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences Natalie Brown 0000-0003-2369-9881 1 N. Williams 2 M. Russell 3 C.J. Cook 4 L.P. Kilduff 5 Liam Kilduff 0000-0001-9449-2293 6 0038240-22012018120338.pdf williams2018.pdf 2018-01-22T12:03:38.2200000 Output 271124 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2019-01-30T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
spellingShingle The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
Natalie Brown
Liam Kilduff
title_short The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
title_full The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
title_fullStr The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
title_sort The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
author_id_str_mv 22c0647f05ef81cb0ce67977c5efdfe4
972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98
author_id_fullname_str_mv 22c0647f05ef81cb0ce67977c5efdfe4_***_Natalie Brown
972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98_***_Liam Kilduff
author Natalie Brown
Liam Kilduff
author2 Natalie Brown
N. Williams
M. Russell
C.J. Cook
L.P. Kilduff
Liam Kilduff
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
container_volume 35
container_issue 1
container_start_page 221
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 1064-8011
doi_str_mv 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002485
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
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description The effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on swimming performance was examined. Using a randomized, crossover design, National-and International-level swimmers (n=20; 14 males, 6 females) participated in three trials (Con, IPC-2h, IPC-24h). Lower-body IPC (4 x 5 min bi-lateral blood-flow restriction at 160-228 mmHg, and 5 min reperfusion) was used 2- (IPC-2h) or 24-h (IPC-24h) before a self-selected (100 m, n=15; 200 m, n=5) swimming time-trial (TT). The Con trial used a sham intervention (15 mmHg) 2h prior to exercise. All trials required a 40-min standardized pre-competition swimming warm-up (followed by 20-min rest; replicating pre-competition call room procedures) 1h before TT. Capillary blood (pH, blood gases and lactate concentrations) was taken immediately pre-and post-IPC, pre-TT and post-TT. No effects on TT for 100 m (P=0.995; IPC-2h: 64.94±8.33 s; IPC-24h: 64.67±8.50 s; Con: 64.94± 8.24 s), 200 m (P=0.405; IPC-2h: 127.70±10.66 s; IPC-24h: 129.26±12.99 s; Con: 130.19±10.27 s) or combined total time (IPC-2h: 84.27±31.52 s; IPC-24h: 79.87±29.72 s; Con: 80.55±31.35 s) were observed following IPC. Base excess (IPC-2h: -13.37±8.90 mmol⋅L-1; Con: -13.35±7.07 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: -16.53±4.65 mmol⋅L-1), pH (0.22±0.08; all conditions), bicarbonate (IPC-2h: -11.66±3.52 mmol⋅L-1; Con: -11.62±5.59 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: -8.47±9.02 mmol⋅L-1), total carbon dioxide (IPC-2h: -12.90±3.92 mmol⋅L-1; Con: -11.55±7.61 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: 9.90±8.40 mmol⋅L-1), percentage oxygen saturation (IPC-2h: -0.16±1.86%; Con: +0.20±1.93%; IPC-24h: +0.47±2.10%) and blood lactate (IPC-2h: +12.87±3.62 mmol⋅L-1; Con: +12.41±4.02 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: +13.27±3.81 mmol⋅L-1) were influenced by swimming TT (P<0.001), but not condition (all P>0.05). No effect of IPC was seen when applied 2- or 24-h before swimming TT on any indices of performance or physiological measures recorded.
published_date 2021-01-01T19:19:58Z
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