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The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance

Natalie Brown, N. Williams, M. Russell, C.J. Cook, L.P. Kilduff, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Volume: 35, Issue: 1, Pages: 221 - 226

Swansea University Authors: Natalie Brown, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002485

Abstract

The effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on swimming performance was examined. Using a randomized, crossover design, National-and International-level swimmers (n=20; 14 males, 6 females) participated in three trials (Con, IPC-2h, IPC-24h). Lower-body IPC (4 x 5 min bi-lateral blood-flow restrict...

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Published in: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
ISSN: 1064-8011
Published: 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa38240
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spelling 2022-03-14T16:07:58.5243182 v2 38240 2018-01-22 The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance 22c0647f05ef81cb0ce67977c5efdfe4 Natalie Brown Natalie Brown true false 972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98 0000-0001-9449-2293 Liam Kilduff Liam Kilduff true false 2018-01-22 STSC The effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on swimming performance was examined. Using a randomized, crossover design, National-and International-level swimmers (n=20; 14 males, 6 females) participated in three trials (Con, IPC-2h, IPC-24h). Lower-body IPC (4 x 5 min bi-lateral blood-flow restriction at 160-228 mmHg, and 5 min reperfusion) was used 2- (IPC-2h) or 24-h (IPC-24h) before a self-selected (100 m, n=15; 200 m, n=5) swimming time-trial (TT). The Con trial used a sham intervention (15 mmHg) 2h prior to exercise. All trials required a 40-min standardized pre-competition swimming warm-up (followed by 20-min rest; replicating pre-competition call room procedures) 1h before TT. Capillary blood (pH, blood gases and lactate concentrations) was taken immediately pre-and post-IPC, pre-TT and post-TT. No effects on TT for 100 m (P=0.995; IPC-2h: 64.94±8.33 s; IPC-24h: 64.67±8.50 s; Con: 64.94± 8.24 s), 200 m (P=0.405; IPC-2h: 127.70±10.66 s; IPC-24h: 129.26±12.99 s; Con: 130.19±10.27 s) or combined total time (IPC-2h: 84.27±31.52 s; IPC-24h: 79.87±29.72 s; Con: 80.55±31.35 s) were observed following IPC. Base excess (IPC-2h: -13.37±8.90 mmol⋅L-1; Con: -13.35±7.07 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: -16.53±4.65 mmol⋅L-1), pH (0.22±0.08; all conditions), bicarbonate (IPC-2h: -11.66±3.52 mmol⋅L-1; Con: -11.62±5.59 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: -8.47±9.02 mmol⋅L-1), total carbon dioxide (IPC-2h: -12.90±3.92 mmol⋅L-1; Con: -11.55±7.61 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: 9.90±8.40 mmol⋅L-1), percentage oxygen saturation (IPC-2h: -0.16±1.86%; Con: +0.20±1.93%; IPC-24h: +0.47±2.10%) and blood lactate (IPC-2h: +12.87±3.62 mmol⋅L-1; Con: +12.41±4.02 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: +13.27±3.81 mmol⋅L-1) were influenced by swimming TT (P<0.001), but not condition (all P>0.05). No effect of IPC was seen when applied 2- or 24-h before swimming TT on any indices of performance or physiological measures recorded. Journal Article Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 35 1 221 226 1064-8011 1 1 2021 2021-01-01 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002485 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University 2022-03-14T16:07:58.5243182 2018-01-22T12:01:49.9079618 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences Natalie Brown 1 N. Williams 2 M. Russell 3 C.J. Cook 4 L.P. Kilduff 5 Liam Kilduff 0000-0001-9449-2293 6 0038240-22012018120338.pdf williams2018.pdf 2018-01-22T12:03:38.2200000 Output 271124 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2019-01-30T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
spellingShingle The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
Natalie Brown
Liam Kilduff
title_short The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
title_full The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
title_fullStr The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
title_sort The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance
author_id_str_mv 22c0647f05ef81cb0ce67977c5efdfe4
972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98
author_id_fullname_str_mv 22c0647f05ef81cb0ce67977c5efdfe4_***_Natalie Brown
972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98_***_Liam Kilduff
author Natalie Brown
Liam Kilduff
author2 Natalie Brown
N. Williams
M. Russell
C.J. Cook
L.P. Kilduff
Liam Kilduff
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
container_volume 35
container_issue 1
container_start_page 221
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 1064-8011
doi_str_mv 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002485
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
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description The effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on swimming performance was examined. Using a randomized, crossover design, National-and International-level swimmers (n=20; 14 males, 6 females) participated in three trials (Con, IPC-2h, IPC-24h). Lower-body IPC (4 x 5 min bi-lateral blood-flow restriction at 160-228 mmHg, and 5 min reperfusion) was used 2- (IPC-2h) or 24-h (IPC-24h) before a self-selected (100 m, n=15; 200 m, n=5) swimming time-trial (TT). The Con trial used a sham intervention (15 mmHg) 2h prior to exercise. All trials required a 40-min standardized pre-competition swimming warm-up (followed by 20-min rest; replicating pre-competition call room procedures) 1h before TT. Capillary blood (pH, blood gases and lactate concentrations) was taken immediately pre-and post-IPC, pre-TT and post-TT. No effects on TT for 100 m (P=0.995; IPC-2h: 64.94±8.33 s; IPC-24h: 64.67±8.50 s; Con: 64.94± 8.24 s), 200 m (P=0.405; IPC-2h: 127.70±10.66 s; IPC-24h: 129.26±12.99 s; Con: 130.19±10.27 s) or combined total time (IPC-2h: 84.27±31.52 s; IPC-24h: 79.87±29.72 s; Con: 80.55±31.35 s) were observed following IPC. Base excess (IPC-2h: -13.37±8.90 mmol⋅L-1; Con: -13.35±7.07 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: -16.53±4.65 mmol⋅L-1), pH (0.22±0.08; all conditions), bicarbonate (IPC-2h: -11.66±3.52 mmol⋅L-1; Con: -11.62±5.59 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: -8.47±9.02 mmol⋅L-1), total carbon dioxide (IPC-2h: -12.90±3.92 mmol⋅L-1; Con: -11.55±7.61 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: 9.90±8.40 mmol⋅L-1), percentage oxygen saturation (IPC-2h: -0.16±1.86%; Con: +0.20±1.93%; IPC-24h: +0.47±2.10%) and blood lactate (IPC-2h: +12.87±3.62 mmol⋅L-1; Con: +12.41±4.02 mmol⋅L-1; IPC-24h: +13.27±3.81 mmol⋅L-1) were influenced by swimming TT (P<0.001), but not condition (all P>0.05). No effect of IPC was seen when applied 2- or 24-h before swimming TT on any indices of performance or physiological measures recorded.
published_date 2021-01-01T03:48:21Z
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