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Cardiorespiratory fitness testing and cardiovascular disease risk in male steelworkers

B. J. Gray, J. W. Stephens, S. P. Williams, C. A. Davies, D. Turner, R. M. Bracken, Richard Bracken Orcid Logo

Occupational Medicine, Volume: 67, Issue: 1, Pages: 38 - 43

Swansea University Author: Richard Bracken Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1093/occmed/kqw131

Abstract

BackgroundThe workplace has been advocated as a setting to perform cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessments. These risk assessments usually focus on traditional risk factors rather than cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) despite established associations between CRF and CVD. The lack of guidance on...

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Published in: Occupational Medicine
ISSN: 1471-8405
Published: 2017
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa36817
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first_indexed 2017-11-17T14:23:05Z
last_indexed 2018-02-09T05:29:32Z
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2017-11-17T11:53:32.2523825</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>36817</id><entry>2017-11-17</entry><title>Cardiorespiratory fitness testing and cardiovascular disease risk in male steelworkers</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>f5da81cd18adfdedb2ccb845bddc12f7</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-6986-6449</ORCID><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Bracken</surname><name>Richard Bracken</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2017-11-17</date><deptcode>STSC</deptcode><abstract>BackgroundThe workplace has been advocated as a setting to perform cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessments. These risk assessments usually focus on traditional risk factors rather than cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) despite established associations between CRF and CVD. The lack of guidance on interpreting health-related CRF values has been suggested as a barrier to utilizing CRF in practice.AimsTo assess the merits of CRF testing in the workplace and explore whether a CRF value identified male individuals above the recommended threshold for further clinical investigation.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of male steelworkers from Carmarthenshire, South Wales, UK who completed a workplace-based CVD risk assessment with an added CRF protocol based on heart rate responses (Chester Step Test). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was undertaken to explore the possibility of a CRF value to identify individuals at an increased 10-year risk of CVD (QRISK2 &#x2265; 10%).ResultsThere were 81 participants. ROC analysis revealed that a CRF level of 34.5ml/kg/min identified those individuals above the &#x2265;10% QRISK2 threshold with the best sensitivity (0.800) and specificity (0.687) to discriminate against true- and false-positive rates. Further analysis revealed that individuals with either &#x2018;Average&#x2019; or &#x2018;Below Average&#x2019; CRF would be five times more likely to have a 10-year CVD risk above the &#x2265;10% QRISK2 threshold than individuals with an &#x2018;Excellent&#x2019; or &#x2018;Good&#x2019; level of fitness [OR 5.10 (95% CI 1.60&#x2013;16.3)].ConclusionsThis study suggests CRF assessments are a useful addition to a workplace CVD assessment and could identify male individuals at increased predicted risk of the condition.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Occupational Medicine</journal><volume>67</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart>38</paginationStart><paginationEnd>43</paginationEnd><publisher/><issnElectronic>1471-8405</issnElectronic><keywords>Cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, exercise test, physical fitness, primary prevention, risk assessment, workplace health promotion.</keywords><publishedDay>31</publishedDay><publishedMonth>1</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2017</publishedYear><publishedDate>2017-01-31</publishedDate><doi>10.1093/occmed/kqw131</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Sport and Exercise Sciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>STSC</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2017-11-17T11:53:32.2523825</lastEdited><Created>2017-11-17T11:48:27.0039037</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>B. J.</firstname><surname>Gray</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>J. W.</firstname><surname>Stephens</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>S. P.</firstname><surname>Williams</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>C. A.</firstname><surname>Davies</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>D.</firstname><surname>Turner</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>R. M.</firstname><surname>Bracken</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Bracken</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6986-6449</orcid><order>7</order></author></authors><documents/><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2017-11-17T11:53:32.2523825 v2 36817 2017-11-17 Cardiorespiratory fitness testing and cardiovascular disease risk in male steelworkers f5da81cd18adfdedb2ccb845bddc12f7 0000-0002-6986-6449 Richard Bracken Richard Bracken true false 2017-11-17 STSC BackgroundThe workplace has been advocated as a setting to perform cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessments. These risk assessments usually focus on traditional risk factors rather than cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) despite established associations between CRF and CVD. The lack of guidance on interpreting health-related CRF values has been suggested as a barrier to utilizing CRF in practice.AimsTo assess the merits of CRF testing in the workplace and explore whether a CRF value identified male individuals above the recommended threshold for further clinical investigation.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of male steelworkers from Carmarthenshire, South Wales, UK who completed a workplace-based CVD risk assessment with an added CRF protocol based on heart rate responses (Chester Step Test). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was undertaken to explore the possibility of a CRF value to identify individuals at an increased 10-year risk of CVD (QRISK2 ≥ 10%).ResultsThere were 81 participants. ROC analysis revealed that a CRF level of 34.5ml/kg/min identified those individuals above the ≥10% QRISK2 threshold with the best sensitivity (0.800) and specificity (0.687) to discriminate against true- and false-positive rates. Further analysis revealed that individuals with either ‘Average’ or ‘Below Average’ CRF would be five times more likely to have a 10-year CVD risk above the ≥10% QRISK2 threshold than individuals with an ‘Excellent’ or ‘Good’ level of fitness [OR 5.10 (95% CI 1.60–16.3)].ConclusionsThis study suggests CRF assessments are a useful addition to a workplace CVD assessment and could identify male individuals at increased predicted risk of the condition. Journal Article Occupational Medicine 67 1 38 43 1471-8405 Cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, exercise test, physical fitness, primary prevention, risk assessment, workplace health promotion. 31 1 2017 2017-01-31 10.1093/occmed/kqw131 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University 2017-11-17T11:53:32.2523825 2017-11-17T11:48:27.0039037 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences B. J. Gray 1 J. W. Stephens 2 S. P. Williams 3 C. A. Davies 4 D. Turner 5 R. M. Bracken 6 Richard Bracken 0000-0002-6986-6449 7
title Cardiorespiratory fitness testing and cardiovascular disease risk in male steelworkers
spellingShingle Cardiorespiratory fitness testing and cardiovascular disease risk in male steelworkers
Richard Bracken
title_short Cardiorespiratory fitness testing and cardiovascular disease risk in male steelworkers
title_full Cardiorespiratory fitness testing and cardiovascular disease risk in male steelworkers
title_fullStr Cardiorespiratory fitness testing and cardiovascular disease risk in male steelworkers
title_full_unstemmed Cardiorespiratory fitness testing and cardiovascular disease risk in male steelworkers
title_sort Cardiorespiratory fitness testing and cardiovascular disease risk in male steelworkers
author_id_str_mv f5da81cd18adfdedb2ccb845bddc12f7
author_id_fullname_str_mv f5da81cd18adfdedb2ccb845bddc12f7_***_Richard Bracken
author Richard Bracken
author2 B. J. Gray
J. W. Stephens
S. P. Williams
C. A. Davies
D. Turner
R. M. Bracken
Richard Bracken
format Journal article
container_title Occupational Medicine
container_volume 67
container_issue 1
container_start_page 38
publishDate 2017
institution Swansea University
issn 1471-8405
doi_str_mv 10.1093/occmed/kqw131
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description BackgroundThe workplace has been advocated as a setting to perform cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessments. These risk assessments usually focus on traditional risk factors rather than cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) despite established associations between CRF and CVD. The lack of guidance on interpreting health-related CRF values has been suggested as a barrier to utilizing CRF in practice.AimsTo assess the merits of CRF testing in the workplace and explore whether a CRF value identified male individuals above the recommended threshold for further clinical investigation.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of male steelworkers from Carmarthenshire, South Wales, UK who completed a workplace-based CVD risk assessment with an added CRF protocol based on heart rate responses (Chester Step Test). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was undertaken to explore the possibility of a CRF value to identify individuals at an increased 10-year risk of CVD (QRISK2 ≥ 10%).ResultsThere were 81 participants. ROC analysis revealed that a CRF level of 34.5ml/kg/min identified those individuals above the ≥10% QRISK2 threshold with the best sensitivity (0.800) and specificity (0.687) to discriminate against true- and false-positive rates. Further analysis revealed that individuals with either ‘Average’ or ‘Below Average’ CRF would be five times more likely to have a 10-year CVD risk above the ≥10% QRISK2 threshold than individuals with an ‘Excellent’ or ‘Good’ level of fitness [OR 5.10 (95% CI 1.60–16.3)].ConclusionsThis study suggests CRF assessments are a useful addition to a workplace CVD assessment and could identify male individuals at increased predicted risk of the condition.
published_date 2017-01-31T03:46:10Z
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score 11.01753

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