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Characteristics of the memory sources of dreams: A new version of the content-matching paradigm to take mundane and remote memories into account

Raphael Vallat, Benoit Chatard, Mark Blagrove Orcid Logo, Perrine Ruby

PLOS ONE, Volume: 12, Issue: 10, Start page: e0185262

Swansea University Author: Mark Blagrove Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1371/journal.pone.0185262

Abstract

Several studies have demonstrated that dream content is related to the waking life of the dreamer. However, the characteristics of the memory sources incorporated into dreams are still unclear. We designed a new protocol to investigate remote memories and memories of trivial experiences, both relati...

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Published in: PLOS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2017
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spelling 2020-10-22T18:14:01.3148869 v2 36036 2017-10-12 Characteristics of the memory sources of dreams: A new version of the content-matching paradigm to take mundane and remote memories into account 8c78ee008e650b9f0a463bae56a5636c 0000-0002-9854-1854 Mark Blagrove Mark Blagrove true false 2017-10-12 HPS Several studies have demonstrated that dream content is related to the waking life of the dreamer. However, the characteristics of the memory sources incorporated into dreams are still unclear. We designed a new protocol to investigate remote memories and memories of trivial experiences, both relatively unexplored in dream content until now. Upon awakening, for 7 days, participants identified the waking life elements (WLEs) related to their dream content and characterized them and their dream content on several scales to assess notably emotional valence. Thanks to this procedure, they could report WLEs from the whole lifespan, and mundane ones before they had been forgotten. Participants (N = 40, 14 males, age = 25.2 ± 7.6) reported 6.2 ± 2.0 dreams on average. For each participant, 83.4% ± 17.8 of the dream reports were related to one or more WLEs. Among all the WLEs incorporated into dreams dated by the participants (79.3 ± 19%), 40.2 ± 30% happened the day before the dream, 26.1 ± 26% the month before (the day before excluded), 15.8 ± 21% the year before the dream (the month before excluded), and 17.9 ± 24% happened more than one year before the dream. As could be expected from previous studies, the majority of the WLEs incorporated into dreams were scored as important by the dreamers. However, this was not true for incorporated WLEs dating from the day before the dream. In agreement with Freud’s observations, the majority of the day residues were scored as mundane. Finally, for both positive and negative WLEs incorporated into dreams, the dreamt version of the WLE was rated as emotionally less intense than the original WLE. This result, showing that dreams tend to attenuate the emotional tone of waking-life memories towards a more neutral one, argues in favor of the emotional regulation hypothesis of dreaming. Journal Article PLOS ONE 12 10 e0185262 Public Library of Science (PLoS) 1932-6203 11 10 2017 2017-10-11 10.1371/journal.pone.0185262 COLLEGE NANME Psychology COLLEGE CODE HPS Swansea University 2020-10-22T18:14:01.3148869 2017-10-12T12:55:36.6542920 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Raphael Vallat 1 Benoit Chatard 2 Mark Blagrove 0000-0002-9854-1854 3 Perrine Ruby 4 0036036-07112017130404.pdf 36036.pdf 2017-11-07T13:04:04.9570000 Output 1774548 application/pdf Version of Record true 2017-11-07T00:00:00.0000000 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. true eng
title Characteristics of the memory sources of dreams: A new version of the content-matching paradigm to take mundane and remote memories into account
spellingShingle Characteristics of the memory sources of dreams: A new version of the content-matching paradigm to take mundane and remote memories into account
Mark Blagrove
title_short Characteristics of the memory sources of dreams: A new version of the content-matching paradigm to take mundane and remote memories into account
title_full Characteristics of the memory sources of dreams: A new version of the content-matching paradigm to take mundane and remote memories into account
title_fullStr Characteristics of the memory sources of dreams: A new version of the content-matching paradigm to take mundane and remote memories into account
title_full_unstemmed Characteristics of the memory sources of dreams: A new version of the content-matching paradigm to take mundane and remote memories into account
title_sort Characteristics of the memory sources of dreams: A new version of the content-matching paradigm to take mundane and remote memories into account
author_id_str_mv 8c78ee008e650b9f0a463bae56a5636c
author_id_fullname_str_mv 8c78ee008e650b9f0a463bae56a5636c_***_Mark Blagrove
author Mark Blagrove
author2 Raphael Vallat
Benoit Chatard
Mark Blagrove
Perrine Ruby
format Journal article
container_title PLOS ONE
container_volume 12
container_issue 10
container_start_page e0185262
publishDate 2017
institution Swansea University
issn 1932-6203
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0185262
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
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description Several studies have demonstrated that dream content is related to the waking life of the dreamer. However, the characteristics of the memory sources incorporated into dreams are still unclear. We designed a new protocol to investigate remote memories and memories of trivial experiences, both relatively unexplored in dream content until now. Upon awakening, for 7 days, participants identified the waking life elements (WLEs) related to their dream content and characterized them and their dream content on several scales to assess notably emotional valence. Thanks to this procedure, they could report WLEs from the whole lifespan, and mundane ones before they had been forgotten. Participants (N = 40, 14 males, age = 25.2 ± 7.6) reported 6.2 ± 2.0 dreams on average. For each participant, 83.4% ± 17.8 of the dream reports were related to one or more WLEs. Among all the WLEs incorporated into dreams dated by the participants (79.3 ± 19%), 40.2 ± 30% happened the day before the dream, 26.1 ± 26% the month before (the day before excluded), 15.8 ± 21% the year before the dream (the month before excluded), and 17.9 ± 24% happened more than one year before the dream. As could be expected from previous studies, the majority of the WLEs incorporated into dreams were scored as important by the dreamers. However, this was not true for incorporated WLEs dating from the day before the dream. In agreement with Freud’s observations, the majority of the day residues were scored as mundane. Finally, for both positive and negative WLEs incorporated into dreams, the dreamt version of the WLE was rated as emotionally less intense than the original WLE. This result, showing that dreams tend to attenuate the emotional tone of waking-life memories towards a more neutral one, argues in favor of the emotional regulation hypothesis of dreaming.
published_date 2017-10-11T03:45:00Z
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