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Investigating the relationship between energy expenditure, walking speed and angle of turning in humans

M. A. McNarry, R. P. Wilson, M. D. Holton, I. W. Griffiths, K. A. Mackintosh, Iwan Griffiths, Mark Holton Orcid Logo, Rory Wilson Orcid Logo, Melitta McNarry Orcid Logo, Kelly Mackintosh Orcid Logo

PLOS ONE, Volume: 12, Issue: 8, Start page: e0182333

Swansea University Authors: Iwan Griffiths, Mark Holton Orcid Logo, Rory Wilson Orcid Logo, Melitta McNarry Orcid Logo, Kelly Mackintosh Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1371/journal.pone.0182333

Abstract

Recent studies have suggested that changing direction is associated with significant additional energy expenditure. A failure to account for this additional energy expenditure of turning has significant implications in the design and interpretation of health interventions. The purpose of this study...

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Published in: PLOS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Published: 2017
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa34844
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A failure to account for this additional energy expenditure of turning has significant implications in the design and interpretation of health interventions. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of walking speed and angle, and their interaction, on energy expenditure in 20 healthy adults (7 female; 28&#xB1;7 yrs). On two separate days, participants completed a turning protocol at one of 16 speed- (2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 km&#x2219;h-1) and angle (0, 45, 90, 180&#xB0;) combinations, involving three minute bouts of walking, interspersed by three minutes seated rest. Each condition involved 5 m of straight walking before turning through the pre-determined angle with the speed dictated by a digital, auditory metronome. Tri-axial accelerometry and magnetometry were measured at 60 Hz, in addition to gas exchange on a breath-by-breath basis. Mixed models revealed a significant main effect for speed (F = 121.609, P &lt; 0.001) and angle (F = 19.186, P &lt; 0.001) on oxygen uptake () and a significant interaction between these parameters (F = 4.433, P &lt; 0.001). Specifically, as speed increased, increased but significant increases in relative to straight line walking were only observed for 90&#xB0; and 180&#xB0; turns at the two highest speeds (4.5 and 5.5 km&#x2219;hr-1). These findings therefore highlight the importance of accounting for the quantity and magnitude of turns completed when estimating energy expenditure and have significant implications within both sport and health contexts.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>PLOS ONE</journal><volume>12</volume><journalNumber>8</journalNumber><paginationStart>e0182333</paginationStart><publisher/><issnElectronic>1932-6203</issnElectronic><keywords/><publishedDay>10</publishedDay><publishedMonth>8</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2017</publishedYear><publishedDate>2017-08-10</publishedDate><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0182333</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Sport and Exercise Sciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>STSC</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2018-09-12T17:37:16.9776713</lastEdited><Created>2017-08-01T09:27:57.7846355</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>M. 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spelling 2018-09-12T17:37:16.9776713 v2 34844 2017-08-01 Investigating the relationship between energy expenditure, walking speed and angle of turning in humans 2ed2cc8d3dff635184def8d15afa21a9 Iwan Griffiths Iwan Griffiths true false 0e1d89d0cc934a740dcd0a873aed178e 0000-0001-8834-3283 Mark Holton Mark Holton true false 017bc6dd155098860945dc6249c4e9bc 0000-0003-3177-0177 Rory Wilson Rory Wilson true false 062f5697ff59f004bc8c713955988398 0000-0003-0813-7477 Melitta McNarry Melitta McNarry true false bdb20e3f31bcccf95c7bc116070c4214 0000-0003-0355-6357 Kelly Mackintosh Kelly Mackintosh true false 2017-08-01 STSC Recent studies have suggested that changing direction is associated with significant additional energy expenditure. A failure to account for this additional energy expenditure of turning has significant implications in the design and interpretation of health interventions. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of walking speed and angle, and their interaction, on energy expenditure in 20 healthy adults (7 female; 28±7 yrs). On two separate days, participants completed a turning protocol at one of 16 speed- (2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 km∙h-1) and angle (0, 45, 90, 180°) combinations, involving three minute bouts of walking, interspersed by three minutes seated rest. Each condition involved 5 m of straight walking before turning through the pre-determined angle with the speed dictated by a digital, auditory metronome. Tri-axial accelerometry and magnetometry were measured at 60 Hz, in addition to gas exchange on a breath-by-breath basis. Mixed models revealed a significant main effect for speed (F = 121.609, P < 0.001) and angle (F = 19.186, P < 0.001) on oxygen uptake () and a significant interaction between these parameters (F = 4.433, P < 0.001). Specifically, as speed increased, increased but significant increases in relative to straight line walking were only observed for 90° and 180° turns at the two highest speeds (4.5 and 5.5 km∙hr-1). These findings therefore highlight the importance of accounting for the quantity and magnitude of turns completed when estimating energy expenditure and have significant implications within both sport and health contexts. Journal Article PLOS ONE 12 8 e0182333 1932-6203 10 8 2017 2017-08-10 10.1371/journal.pone.0182333 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University 2018-09-12T17:37:16.9776713 2017-08-01T09:27:57.7846355 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences M. A. McNarry 1 R. P. Wilson 2 M. D. Holton 3 I. W. Griffiths 4 K. A. Mackintosh 5 Iwan Griffiths 6 Mark Holton 0000-0001-8834-3283 7 Rory Wilson 0000-0003-3177-0177 8 Melitta McNarry 0000-0003-0813-7477 9 Kelly Mackintosh 0000-0003-0355-6357 10 0034844-23082017092509.pdf mcnarry2017(2).pdf 2017-08-23T09:25:09.1500000 Output 1526458 application/pdf Version of Record true 2017-08-23T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title Investigating the relationship between energy expenditure, walking speed and angle of turning in humans
spellingShingle Investigating the relationship between energy expenditure, walking speed and angle of turning in humans
Iwan Griffiths
Mark Holton
Rory Wilson
Melitta McNarry
Kelly Mackintosh
title_short Investigating the relationship between energy expenditure, walking speed and angle of turning in humans
title_full Investigating the relationship between energy expenditure, walking speed and angle of turning in humans
title_fullStr Investigating the relationship between energy expenditure, walking speed and angle of turning in humans
title_full_unstemmed Investigating the relationship between energy expenditure, walking speed and angle of turning in humans
title_sort Investigating the relationship between energy expenditure, walking speed and angle of turning in humans
author_id_str_mv 2ed2cc8d3dff635184def8d15afa21a9
0e1d89d0cc934a740dcd0a873aed178e
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bdb20e3f31bcccf95c7bc116070c4214
author_id_fullname_str_mv 2ed2cc8d3dff635184def8d15afa21a9_***_Iwan Griffiths
0e1d89d0cc934a740dcd0a873aed178e_***_Mark Holton
017bc6dd155098860945dc6249c4e9bc_***_Rory Wilson
062f5697ff59f004bc8c713955988398_***_Melitta McNarry
bdb20e3f31bcccf95c7bc116070c4214_***_Kelly Mackintosh
author Iwan Griffiths
Mark Holton
Rory Wilson
Melitta McNarry
Kelly Mackintosh
author2 M. A. McNarry
R. P. Wilson
M. D. Holton
I. W. Griffiths
K. A. Mackintosh
Iwan Griffiths
Mark Holton
Rory Wilson
Melitta McNarry
Kelly Mackintosh
format Journal article
container_title PLOS ONE
container_volume 12
container_issue 8
container_start_page e0182333
publishDate 2017
institution Swansea University
issn 1932-6203
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0182333
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
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description Recent studies have suggested that changing direction is associated with significant additional energy expenditure. A failure to account for this additional energy expenditure of turning has significant implications in the design and interpretation of health interventions. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of walking speed and angle, and their interaction, on energy expenditure in 20 healthy adults (7 female; 28±7 yrs). On two separate days, participants completed a turning protocol at one of 16 speed- (2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 km∙h-1) and angle (0, 45, 90, 180°) combinations, involving three minute bouts of walking, interspersed by three minutes seated rest. Each condition involved 5 m of straight walking before turning through the pre-determined angle with the speed dictated by a digital, auditory metronome. Tri-axial accelerometry and magnetometry were measured at 60 Hz, in addition to gas exchange on a breath-by-breath basis. Mixed models revealed a significant main effect for speed (F = 121.609, P < 0.001) and angle (F = 19.186, P < 0.001) on oxygen uptake () and a significant interaction between these parameters (F = 4.433, P < 0.001). Specifically, as speed increased, increased but significant increases in relative to straight line walking were only observed for 90° and 180° turns at the two highest speeds (4.5 and 5.5 km∙hr-1). These findings therefore highlight the importance of accounting for the quantity and magnitude of turns completed when estimating energy expenditure and have significant implications within both sport and health contexts.
published_date 2017-08-10T03:43:15Z
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