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Livestock grazing alters multiple ecosystem properties and services in salt marshes: a meta-analysis

Kate E. Davidson, Mike Fowler Orcid Logo, Martin W. Skov, Stefan Doerr Orcid Logo, Nicola Beaumont, John Griffin Orcid Logo

Journal of Applied Ecology, Volume: 54, Issue: 5, Pages: 1395 - 1405

Swansea University Authors: Mike Fowler Orcid Logo, Stefan Doerr Orcid Logo, John Griffin Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/1365-2664.12892

Abstract

1.The far-reaching impacts of livestock grazing in terrestrial grasslands are widely appreciated, but how livestock affect the structure and functions of sensitive coastal ecosystems has hitherto lacked synthesis. Grazing-induced changes in salt marshes have the potential to alter the provision of v...

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Published in: Journal of Applied Ecology
ISSN: 00218901
Published: 2017
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa32124
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Grazing-induced changes in salt marshes have the potential to alter the provision of valuable ecosystem services, such as coastal protection, blue carbon and biodiversity conservation.2.To investigate how livestock alter soil, vegetation and faunal properties in salt marshes, we conducted a global meta-analysis of ungulate grazer impacts on commonly measured ecosystem properties (498 individual responses from 89 studies). We also tested stocking density, grazing duration, grazer identity, and continent and vegetation type as potential modifiers of the grazing effect. The majority of studies were conducted in Europe (75) or the Americas (12), and investigated cattle (43) or sheep (22) grazing.3.All measures of aboveground plant material (height, cover, aboveground biomass, litter) were decreased by grazing, potentially impairing coastal protection through diminished wave attenuation.4.Soil carbon was reduced by grazing in American, but not European marshes, indicating a trade-off with climate regulation that varies geographically. Additionally, grazing increased soil bulk density, salinity and daytime temperature, and reduced redox potential.5.Biodiversity responses depended on focal group, with positive effects of grazing on vegetation species richness, but negative effects on invertebrate richness. Grazing reduced the abundance of herbivorous invertebrates, which may affect fish and crustaceans that feed in the marsh. Overall vertebrate abundance was not affected, but there was provisional evidence for increases over a longer duration of grazing, potentially increasing birdwatching and wildfowling opportunities.6.Synthesis and applications. Our results reveal that the use of salt marshes for livestock production affects multiple ecosystem properties, creating trade-offs and synergies with other ecosystem services. Grazing leads to reductions in blue carbon in the Americas but not in Europe. Grazing may compromise coastal protection and the provision of a nursery habitat for fish while creating provisioning and cultural benefits through increased wildfowl abundance. These findings can inform salt marsh grazing management, based on local context and desired ecosystem services.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Applied Ecology</journal><volume>54</volume><journalNumber>5</journalNumber><paginationStart>1395</paginationStart><paginationEnd>1405</paginationEnd><publisher/><issnPrint>00218901</issnPrint><keywords/><publishedDay>31</publishedDay><publishedMonth>12</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2017</publishedYear><publishedDate>2017-12-31</publishedDate><doi>10.1111/1365-2664.12892</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biosciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>SBI</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2020-06-24T13:37:13.4179431</lastEdited><Created>2017-02-27T10:37:39.4212731</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Kate E.</firstname><surname>Davidson</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Mike</firstname><surname>Fowler</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1544-0407</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Martin W.</firstname><surname>Skov</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Stefan</firstname><surname>Doerr</surname><orcid>0000-0002-8700-9002</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Nicola</firstname><surname>Beaumont</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>John</firstname><surname>Griffin</surname><orcid>0000-0003-3295-6480</orcid><order>6</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>0032124-10032017142338.pdf</filename><originalFilename>Davidsonetal.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2017-03-10T14:23:38.9400000</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>835076</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Accepted Manuscript</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2018-02-22T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2020-06-24T13:37:13.4179431 v2 32124 2017-02-27 Livestock grazing alters multiple ecosystem properties and services in salt marshes: a meta-analysis a3a29027498d4b43a3f082a0a5ba16b4 0000-0003-1544-0407 Mike Fowler Mike Fowler true false 575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088 0000-0002-8700-9002 Stefan Doerr Stefan Doerr true false 9814fbffa76dd9c9a207166354cd0b2f 0000-0003-3295-6480 John Griffin John Griffin true false 2017-02-27 SBI 1.The far-reaching impacts of livestock grazing in terrestrial grasslands are widely appreciated, but how livestock affect the structure and functions of sensitive coastal ecosystems has hitherto lacked synthesis. Grazing-induced changes in salt marshes have the potential to alter the provision of valuable ecosystem services, such as coastal protection, blue carbon and biodiversity conservation.2.To investigate how livestock alter soil, vegetation and faunal properties in salt marshes, we conducted a global meta-analysis of ungulate grazer impacts on commonly measured ecosystem properties (498 individual responses from 89 studies). We also tested stocking density, grazing duration, grazer identity, and continent and vegetation type as potential modifiers of the grazing effect. The majority of studies were conducted in Europe (75) or the Americas (12), and investigated cattle (43) or sheep (22) grazing.3.All measures of aboveground plant material (height, cover, aboveground biomass, litter) were decreased by grazing, potentially impairing coastal protection through diminished wave attenuation.4.Soil carbon was reduced by grazing in American, but not European marshes, indicating a trade-off with climate regulation that varies geographically. Additionally, grazing increased soil bulk density, salinity and daytime temperature, and reduced redox potential.5.Biodiversity responses depended on focal group, with positive effects of grazing on vegetation species richness, but negative effects on invertebrate richness. Grazing reduced the abundance of herbivorous invertebrates, which may affect fish and crustaceans that feed in the marsh. Overall vertebrate abundance was not affected, but there was provisional evidence for increases over a longer duration of grazing, potentially increasing birdwatching and wildfowling opportunities.6.Synthesis and applications. Our results reveal that the use of salt marshes for livestock production affects multiple ecosystem properties, creating trade-offs and synergies with other ecosystem services. Grazing leads to reductions in blue carbon in the Americas but not in Europe. Grazing may compromise coastal protection and the provision of a nursery habitat for fish while creating provisioning and cultural benefits through increased wildfowl abundance. These findings can inform salt marsh grazing management, based on local context and desired ecosystem services. Journal Article Journal of Applied Ecology 54 5 1395 1405 00218901 31 12 2017 2017-12-31 10.1111/1365-2664.12892 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University 2020-06-24T13:37:13.4179431 2017-02-27T10:37:39.4212731 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Kate E. Davidson 1 Mike Fowler 0000-0003-1544-0407 2 Martin W. Skov 3 Stefan Doerr 0000-0002-8700-9002 4 Nicola Beaumont 5 John Griffin 0000-0003-3295-6480 6 0032124-10032017142338.pdf Davidsonetal.pdf 2017-03-10T14:23:38.9400000 Output 835076 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2018-02-22T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title Livestock grazing alters multiple ecosystem properties and services in salt marshes: a meta-analysis
spellingShingle Livestock grazing alters multiple ecosystem properties and services in salt marshes: a meta-analysis
Mike Fowler
Stefan Doerr
John Griffin
title_short Livestock grazing alters multiple ecosystem properties and services in salt marshes: a meta-analysis
title_full Livestock grazing alters multiple ecosystem properties and services in salt marshes: a meta-analysis
title_fullStr Livestock grazing alters multiple ecosystem properties and services in salt marshes: a meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Livestock grazing alters multiple ecosystem properties and services in salt marshes: a meta-analysis
title_sort Livestock grazing alters multiple ecosystem properties and services in salt marshes: a meta-analysis
author_id_str_mv a3a29027498d4b43a3f082a0a5ba16b4
575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088
9814fbffa76dd9c9a207166354cd0b2f
author_id_fullname_str_mv a3a29027498d4b43a3f082a0a5ba16b4_***_Mike Fowler
575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088_***_Stefan Doerr
9814fbffa76dd9c9a207166354cd0b2f_***_John Griffin
author Mike Fowler
Stefan Doerr
John Griffin
author2 Kate E. Davidson
Mike Fowler
Martin W. Skov
Stefan Doerr
Nicola Beaumont
John Griffin
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container_title Journal of Applied Ecology
container_volume 54
container_issue 5
container_start_page 1395
publishDate 2017
institution Swansea University
issn 00218901
doi_str_mv 10.1111/1365-2664.12892
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
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department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description 1.The far-reaching impacts of livestock grazing in terrestrial grasslands are widely appreciated, but how livestock affect the structure and functions of sensitive coastal ecosystems has hitherto lacked synthesis. Grazing-induced changes in salt marshes have the potential to alter the provision of valuable ecosystem services, such as coastal protection, blue carbon and biodiversity conservation.2.To investigate how livestock alter soil, vegetation and faunal properties in salt marshes, we conducted a global meta-analysis of ungulate grazer impacts on commonly measured ecosystem properties (498 individual responses from 89 studies). We also tested stocking density, grazing duration, grazer identity, and continent and vegetation type as potential modifiers of the grazing effect. The majority of studies were conducted in Europe (75) or the Americas (12), and investigated cattle (43) or sheep (22) grazing.3.All measures of aboveground plant material (height, cover, aboveground biomass, litter) were decreased by grazing, potentially impairing coastal protection through diminished wave attenuation.4.Soil carbon was reduced by grazing in American, but not European marshes, indicating a trade-off with climate regulation that varies geographically. Additionally, grazing increased soil bulk density, salinity and daytime temperature, and reduced redox potential.5.Biodiversity responses depended on focal group, with positive effects of grazing on vegetation species richness, but negative effects on invertebrate richness. Grazing reduced the abundance of herbivorous invertebrates, which may affect fish and crustaceans that feed in the marsh. Overall vertebrate abundance was not affected, but there was provisional evidence for increases over a longer duration of grazing, potentially increasing birdwatching and wildfowling opportunities.6.Synthesis and applications. Our results reveal that the use of salt marshes for livestock production affects multiple ecosystem properties, creating trade-offs and synergies with other ecosystem services. Grazing leads to reductions in blue carbon in the Americas but not in Europe. Grazing may compromise coastal protection and the provision of a nursery habitat for fish while creating provisioning and cultural benefits through increased wildfowl abundance. These findings can inform salt marsh grazing management, based on local context and desired ecosystem services.
published_date 2017-12-31T03:39:19Z
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score 11.037581

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