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Older People’s External Residential Assessment Tool (OPERAT): a complementary participatory and metric approach to the development of an observational environmental measure

Vanessa Burholt Orcid Logo, Matthew Roberts, Charles Musselwhite Orcid Logo

BMC Public Health, Volume: 16, Issue: 1

Swansea University Authors: Vanessa Burholt Orcid Logo, Matthew Roberts, Charles Musselwhite Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1186/s12889-016-3681-x

Abstract

BackgroundThe potential for environmental interventions to improve health and wellbeing has assumed particular importance in the face of unprecedented population ageing. However, presently observational environmental assessment tools are unsuitable for ‘all ages’. This article describes the developm...

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Published in: BMC Public Health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Published: 2016
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However, presently observational environmental assessment tools are unsuitable for &#x2018;all ages&#x2019;. This article describes the development of the Older People&#x2019;s External Residential Assessment Tool (OPERAT).MethodsPotential items were identified through review and consultation with an Expert Advisory Group. Items were ranked according the importance ascribed to them by older people who responded to a survey distributed by 50+ forum in Wales (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;545). 40 highly ranked items were selected for the OPERAT pilot. An observational assessment was conducted in 405 postcodes in Wales. Items validated with data from a survey of older residents (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;500) in the postcode areas were selected for statistical modelling (Kendall&#x2019;s Tau-b, p&#x2009;&lt;&#x2009;.05). Data reduction techniques (exploratory factor analysis with Geomin rotation) identified the underlying factor structure of OPERAT. Items were weighted (Thurstone scaling approach) and scores calculated for each domain. Internal consistency: all items were tested for scale-domain total correlation (Spearman&#x2019;s rank). Construct validity: correlation analysis examined the associations between domains and the extent to which participants enjoyed living in the area, felt that it was a desirable place to live, or felt safe at night or during the day (Spearman&#x2019;s rank). Usability: analysis of variance compared mean OPERAT domain scores between neighbourhoods that were homogenous in terms of (a) deprivation (quintiles of the Townsend Index) and (b) geographic settlement type. Inter-rater reliability: Krippendorff&#x2019;s alpha was used to evaluate inter-rater consistency in ten postcode areas.ResultsA four factor model was selected as the best interpretable fit to the data. The domains were named Natural Elements, Incivilities and Nuisance; Navigation and Mobility; and Territorial Functioning. Statistical tests demonstrated good internal consistency, convergent validity, utility and inter-rater reliability.ConclusionsParticipatory approaches to research and robust statistical testing are not mutually exclusive. OPERAT can be used to assess the suitability of external residential environments for older people with different physical and cognitive capacities, living in rural or urban areas. 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spelling 2020-12-15T11:06:38.5059716 v2 30255 2016-09-29 Older People’s External Residential Assessment Tool (OPERAT): a complementary participatory and metric approach to the development of an observational environmental measure cf7fe9863906cd54df5b0a99904d535e 0000-0002-6789-127X Vanessa Burholt Vanessa Burholt true false 6840c6d051e3347351c73d817838756d Matthew Roberts Matthew Roberts true false c9a49f25a5adb54c55612ae49560100c 0000-0002-4831-2092 Charles Musselwhite Charles Musselwhite true false 2016-09-29 BackgroundThe potential for environmental interventions to improve health and wellbeing has assumed particular importance in the face of unprecedented population ageing. However, presently observational environmental assessment tools are unsuitable for ‘all ages’. This article describes the development of the Older People’s External Residential Assessment Tool (OPERAT).MethodsPotential items were identified through review and consultation with an Expert Advisory Group. Items were ranked according the importance ascribed to them by older people who responded to a survey distributed by 50+ forum in Wales (N = 545). 40 highly ranked items were selected for the OPERAT pilot. An observational assessment was conducted in 405 postcodes in Wales. Items validated with data from a survey of older residents (N = 500) in the postcode areas were selected for statistical modelling (Kendall’s Tau-b, p < .05). Data reduction techniques (exploratory factor analysis with Geomin rotation) identified the underlying factor structure of OPERAT. Items were weighted (Thurstone scaling approach) and scores calculated for each domain. Internal consistency: all items were tested for scale-domain total correlation (Spearman’s rank). Construct validity: correlation analysis examined the associations between domains and the extent to which participants enjoyed living in the area, felt that it was a desirable place to live, or felt safe at night or during the day (Spearman’s rank). Usability: analysis of variance compared mean OPERAT domain scores between neighbourhoods that were homogenous in terms of (a) deprivation (quintiles of the Townsend Index) and (b) geographic settlement type. Inter-rater reliability: Krippendorff’s alpha was used to evaluate inter-rater consistency in ten postcode areas.ResultsA four factor model was selected as the best interpretable fit to the data. The domains were named Natural Elements, Incivilities and Nuisance; Navigation and Mobility; and Territorial Functioning. Statistical tests demonstrated good internal consistency, convergent validity, utility and inter-rater reliability.ConclusionsParticipatory approaches to research and robust statistical testing are not mutually exclusive. OPERAT can be used to assess the suitability of external residential environments for older people with different physical and cognitive capacities, living in rural or urban areas. OPERAT can be used to help plan residential environments that are friendly for all ages. Journal Article BMC Public Health 16 1 1471-2458 Environment, Residence characteristics, Neighbourhood, Community, Domicile, Aged, Environment and 29 9 2016 2016-09-29 10.1186/s12889-016-3681-x COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University National Institute for Social Care and Health Research 2020-12-15T11:06:38.5059716 2016-09-29T07:57:50.3653073 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences The Centre for Innovative Ageing Vanessa Burholt 0000-0002-6789-127X 1 Matthew Roberts 2 Charles Musselwhite 0000-0002-4831-2092 3 0030255-29092016170541.pdf BiomedcentralBurholtVOR.pdf 2016-09-29T17:05:41.2670000 Output 568291 application/pdf Version of Record true 2016-09-29T00:00:00.0000000 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. true eng
title Older People’s External Residential Assessment Tool (OPERAT): a complementary participatory and metric approach to the development of an observational environmental measure
spellingShingle Older People’s External Residential Assessment Tool (OPERAT): a complementary participatory and metric approach to the development of an observational environmental measure
Vanessa Burholt
Matthew Roberts
Charles Musselwhite
title_short Older People’s External Residential Assessment Tool (OPERAT): a complementary participatory and metric approach to the development of an observational environmental measure
title_full Older People’s External Residential Assessment Tool (OPERAT): a complementary participatory and metric approach to the development of an observational environmental measure
title_fullStr Older People’s External Residential Assessment Tool (OPERAT): a complementary participatory and metric approach to the development of an observational environmental measure
title_full_unstemmed Older People’s External Residential Assessment Tool (OPERAT): a complementary participatory and metric approach to the development of an observational environmental measure
title_sort Older People’s External Residential Assessment Tool (OPERAT): a complementary participatory and metric approach to the development of an observational environmental measure
author_id_str_mv cf7fe9863906cd54df5b0a99904d535e
6840c6d051e3347351c73d817838756d
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author_id_fullname_str_mv cf7fe9863906cd54df5b0a99904d535e_***_Vanessa Burholt
6840c6d051e3347351c73d817838756d_***_Matthew Roberts
c9a49f25a5adb54c55612ae49560100c_***_Charles Musselwhite
author Vanessa Burholt
Matthew Roberts
Charles Musselwhite
author2 Vanessa Burholt
Matthew Roberts
Charles Musselwhite
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container_title BMC Public Health
container_volume 16
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publishDate 2016
institution Swansea University
issn 1471-2458
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college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str The Centre for Innovative Ageing{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}The Centre for Innovative Ageing
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description BackgroundThe potential for environmental interventions to improve health and wellbeing has assumed particular importance in the face of unprecedented population ageing. However, presently observational environmental assessment tools are unsuitable for ‘all ages’. This article describes the development of the Older People’s External Residential Assessment Tool (OPERAT).MethodsPotential items were identified through review and consultation with an Expert Advisory Group. Items were ranked according the importance ascribed to them by older people who responded to a survey distributed by 50+ forum in Wales (N = 545). 40 highly ranked items were selected for the OPERAT pilot. An observational assessment was conducted in 405 postcodes in Wales. Items validated with data from a survey of older residents (N = 500) in the postcode areas were selected for statistical modelling (Kendall’s Tau-b, p < .05). Data reduction techniques (exploratory factor analysis with Geomin rotation) identified the underlying factor structure of OPERAT. Items were weighted (Thurstone scaling approach) and scores calculated for each domain. Internal consistency: all items were tested for scale-domain total correlation (Spearman’s rank). Construct validity: correlation analysis examined the associations between domains and the extent to which participants enjoyed living in the area, felt that it was a desirable place to live, or felt safe at night or during the day (Spearman’s rank). Usability: analysis of variance compared mean OPERAT domain scores between neighbourhoods that were homogenous in terms of (a) deprivation (quintiles of the Townsend Index) and (b) geographic settlement type. Inter-rater reliability: Krippendorff’s alpha was used to evaluate inter-rater consistency in ten postcode areas.ResultsA four factor model was selected as the best interpretable fit to the data. The domains were named Natural Elements, Incivilities and Nuisance; Navigation and Mobility; and Territorial Functioning. Statistical tests demonstrated good internal consistency, convergent validity, utility and inter-rater reliability.ConclusionsParticipatory approaches to research and robust statistical testing are not mutually exclusive. OPERAT can be used to assess the suitability of external residential environments for older people with different physical and cognitive capacities, living in rural or urban areas. OPERAT can be used to help plan residential environments that are friendly for all ages.
published_date 2016-09-29T07:01:15Z
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