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Forecasting Branded and Generic Pharmaceutical Life Cycles

Sam Buxton Orcid Logo, Marwan Khammash, Konstantinos Nikolopoulos, Philip Stern

International Symposium on Forecasting

Swansea University Author: Sam Buxton Orcid Logo

Abstract

This paper will look at modelling and forecasting of branded and generic pharmaceutical lifecycles with a 1 year forecasting horizon. The focus will be on pharmaceutical life cycles around the time of patent expiry as the sales of the branded pharmaceutical decline and the sales of the corresponding...

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Published in: International Symposium on Forecasting
Published: Riverside 2015
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa25000
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spelling 2018-10-15T15:23:26.4877809 v2 25000 2015-12-09 Forecasting Branded and Generic Pharmaceutical Life Cycles 27aacc6d5049c8d2c26495e4e6a6bd75 0000-0003-1007-7063 Sam Buxton Sam Buxton true false 2015-12-09 BBU This paper will look at modelling and forecasting of branded and generic pharmaceutical lifecycles with a 1 year forecasting horizon. The focus will be on pharmaceutical life cycles around the time of patent expiry as the sales of the branded pharmaceutical decline and the sales of the corresponding generic equivalent increase. Understanding the patterns of decline and the associated generic growth is increasingly important and the market is currently worth over £5bn in the UK in 2013 and while it is greater than any other industrial sector in the UK it has declined from £7bn in 2009. The number of ‘blockbuster’ drugs also continues to decline. As a result the pharmaceutical industry makes efforts to extend the commercial life of their brands and the ability to forecast sales is of increasing importance in this regard. The paper also provides for effective governance because the use of a branded drug when a generic equivalent is available ultimately results in wasted resources. The pharmaceutical prescription data comes from a database known as JIGSAW. The prescription drugs that were modelled were those that had the highest number of prescriptions within the database. There were five models originally used to model and forecast this data. These were: Bass Diffusion, Repeat Purchase Diffusion Model, Moving Average, Exponential Smoothing and the Naïve. Based on previous research it was expected that the more complex models would produce more accurate forecasts for the branded and generic life cycles than the simple benchmark models. As none of the complex models yielded results more significant than those of the Naïve model, it was thought to be appropriate to add additional models to the analyses. The additional models added were: Holt Winters Exponential Smoothing, Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Robust Regression, Regression over t, Regression over t-1 and Naïve with drift. The empirical evidence presented here suggests that the use of the ARIMA provided the most accurate and robust method of modelling and forecasting branded pharmaceuticals. For the generic equivalents the empirical evidence suggests that the Naïve model with the addition of a 70% trend would provide the most accurate and robust modelling and forecasting method. Conference Paper/Proceeding/Abstract International Symposium on Forecasting Riverside Forecasting; Diffusion Models; Pharmaceutical Lifecycles; Branded drugs; Generic drugs. 31 12 2015 2015-12-31 COLLEGE NANME Business COLLEGE CODE BBU Swansea University 2018-10-15T15:23:26.4877809 2015-12-09T09:56:09.6832515 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences School of Management - Business Management Sam Buxton 0000-0003-1007-7063 1 Marwan Khammash 2 Konstantinos Nikolopoulos 3 Philip Stern 4 0025000-15102018152231.pdf ISFconference2015.pdf 2018-10-15T15:22:31.8700000 Output 413180 application/pdf Author's Original true 2018-10-15T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title Forecasting Branded and Generic Pharmaceutical Life Cycles
spellingShingle Forecasting Branded and Generic Pharmaceutical Life Cycles
Sam Buxton
title_short Forecasting Branded and Generic Pharmaceutical Life Cycles
title_full Forecasting Branded and Generic Pharmaceutical Life Cycles
title_fullStr Forecasting Branded and Generic Pharmaceutical Life Cycles
title_full_unstemmed Forecasting Branded and Generic Pharmaceutical Life Cycles
title_sort Forecasting Branded and Generic Pharmaceutical Life Cycles
author_id_str_mv 27aacc6d5049c8d2c26495e4e6a6bd75
author_id_fullname_str_mv 27aacc6d5049c8d2c26495e4e6a6bd75_***_Sam Buxton
author Sam Buxton
author2 Sam Buxton
Marwan Khammash
Konstantinos Nikolopoulos
Philip Stern
format Conference Paper/Proceeding/Abstract
container_title International Symposium on Forecasting
publishDate 2015
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
department_str School of Management - Business Management{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Management - Business Management
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description This paper will look at modelling and forecasting of branded and generic pharmaceutical lifecycles with a 1 year forecasting horizon. The focus will be on pharmaceutical life cycles around the time of patent expiry as the sales of the branded pharmaceutical decline and the sales of the corresponding generic equivalent increase. Understanding the patterns of decline and the associated generic growth is increasingly important and the market is currently worth over £5bn in the UK in 2013 and while it is greater than any other industrial sector in the UK it has declined from £7bn in 2009. The number of ‘blockbuster’ drugs also continues to decline. As a result the pharmaceutical industry makes efforts to extend the commercial life of their brands and the ability to forecast sales is of increasing importance in this regard. The paper also provides for effective governance because the use of a branded drug when a generic equivalent is available ultimately results in wasted resources. The pharmaceutical prescription data comes from a database known as JIGSAW. The prescription drugs that were modelled were those that had the highest number of prescriptions within the database. There were five models originally used to model and forecast this data. These were: Bass Diffusion, Repeat Purchase Diffusion Model, Moving Average, Exponential Smoothing and the Naïve. Based on previous research it was expected that the more complex models would produce more accurate forecasts for the branded and generic life cycles than the simple benchmark models. As none of the complex models yielded results more significant than those of the Naïve model, it was thought to be appropriate to add additional models to the analyses. The additional models added were: Holt Winters Exponential Smoothing, Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Robust Regression, Regression over t, Regression over t-1 and Naïve with drift. The empirical evidence presented here suggests that the use of the ARIMA provided the most accurate and robust method of modelling and forecasting branded pharmaceuticals. For the generic equivalents the empirical evidence suggests that the Naïve model with the addition of a 70% trend would provide the most accurate and robust modelling and forecasting method.
published_date 2015-12-31T03:29:43Z
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