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Factors associated with low fitness in adolescents – A mixed methods study

Richard Charlton, Michael Gravenor Orcid Logo, Anwen Rees, Gareth Knox, Rebecca Hill, Muhammad A Rahman, Kerina Jones Orcid Logo, Danielle Christian Orcid Logo, Julien S Baker, Gareth Stratton Orcid Logo, Sinead Brophy Orcid Logo

BMC Public Health, Volume: 14, Issue: 1

Swansea University Authors: Michael Gravenor Orcid Logo, Kerina Jones Orcid Logo, Danielle Christian Orcid Logo, Gareth Stratton Orcid Logo, Sinead Brophy Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1186/1471-2458-14-764

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BackgroundFitness and physical activity are important for cardiovascular and mental health but activity and fitness levels are declining especially in adolescents and among girls. This study examines clustering of factors associated with low fitness in adolescents in order to best target public heal...

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Published in: BMC Public Health
ISSN: 1471-2458 1471-2458
Published: 2014
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa24593
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This study examines clustering of factors associated with low fitness in adolescents in order to best target public health interventions for young people.Methods1147 children were assessed for fitness, had blood samples, anthropometric measures and all data were linked with routine electronic data to examine educational achievement, deprivation and health service usage. Factors associated with fitness were examined using logistic regression, conditional trees and data mining cluster analysis. Focus groups were conducted with children in a deprived school to examine barriers and facilitators to activity for children in a deprived community.ResultsUnfit adolescents are more likely to be deprived, female, have obesity in the family and not achieve in education. There were 3 main clusters for risk of future heart disease/diabetes (high cholesterol/insulin); children at low risk (not obese, fit, achieving in education), children &#x2018;visibly at risk&#x2019; (overweight, unfit, many hospital/GP visits) and &#x2018;invisibly at risk&#x2019; (unfit but not overweight, failing in academic achievement). Qualitative findings show barriers to physical activity include cost, poor access to activity, lack of core physical literacy skills and limited family support.ConclusionsLow fitness in the non-obese child can reveal a hidden group who have high risk factors for heart disease and diabetes but may not be identified as they are normal weight. In deprived communities low fitness is associated with non-achievement in education but in non-deprived communities low fitness is associated with female gender. 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spelling 2021-01-14T13:49:20.3890488 v2 24593 2015-11-21 Factors associated with low fitness in adolescents – A mixed methods study 70a544476ce62ba78502ce463c2500d6 0000-0003-0710-0947 Michael Gravenor Michael Gravenor true false c13b3cd0a6f8cbac2e461b54b3cdd839 0000-0001-8164-3718 Kerina Jones Kerina Jones true false f887c2a5af97901b39445a4baf3bfc45 0000-0003-1117-6127 Danielle Christian Danielle Christian true false 6d62b2ed126961bed81a94a2beba8a01 0000-0001-5618-0803 Gareth Stratton Gareth Stratton true false 84f5661b35a729f55047f9e793d8798b 0000-0001-7417-2858 Sinead Brophy Sinead Brophy true false 2015-11-21 HDAT BackgroundFitness and physical activity are important for cardiovascular and mental health but activity and fitness levels are declining especially in adolescents and among girls. This study examines clustering of factors associated with low fitness in adolescents in order to best target public health interventions for young people.Methods1147 children were assessed for fitness, had blood samples, anthropometric measures and all data were linked with routine electronic data to examine educational achievement, deprivation and health service usage. Factors associated with fitness were examined using logistic regression, conditional trees and data mining cluster analysis. Focus groups were conducted with children in a deprived school to examine barriers and facilitators to activity for children in a deprived community.ResultsUnfit adolescents are more likely to be deprived, female, have obesity in the family and not achieve in education. There were 3 main clusters for risk of future heart disease/diabetes (high cholesterol/insulin); children at low risk (not obese, fit, achieving in education), children ‘visibly at risk’ (overweight, unfit, many hospital/GP visits) and ‘invisibly at risk’ (unfit but not overweight, failing in academic achievement). Qualitative findings show barriers to physical activity include cost, poor access to activity, lack of core physical literacy skills and limited family support.ConclusionsLow fitness in the non-obese child can reveal a hidden group who have high risk factors for heart disease and diabetes but may not be identified as they are normal weight. In deprived communities low fitness is associated with non-achievement in education but in non-deprived communities low fitness is associated with female gender. Interventions need to target deprived families and schools in deprived areas with community wide campaigns. Journal Article BMC Public Health 14 1 1471-2458 1471-2458 29 7 2014 2014-07-29 10.1186/1471-2458-14-764 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-764 COLLEGE NANME Health Data Science COLLEGE CODE HDAT Swansea University 2021-01-14T13:49:20.3890488 2015-11-21T16:17:50.3734580 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Richard Charlton 1 Michael Gravenor 0000-0003-0710-0947 2 Anwen Rees 3 Gareth Knox 4 Rebecca Hill 5 Muhammad A Rahman 6 Kerina Jones 0000-0001-8164-3718 7 Danielle Christian 0000-0003-1117-6127 8 Julien S Baker 9 Gareth Stratton 0000-0001-5618-0803 10 Sinead Brophy 0000-0001-7417-2858 11 24593__2581__c13ad7550f39441d94df3a2474bc5016.pdf CharltonFactorsaffecting__lowfitness.pdf 2016-03-29T08:45:22.3370000 Output 402645 application/pdf Enhanced Version of Record true 2016-03-29T00:00:00.0000000 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. true
title Factors associated with low fitness in adolescents – A mixed methods study
spellingShingle Factors associated with low fitness in adolescents – A mixed methods study
Michael Gravenor
Kerina Jones
Danielle Christian
Gareth Stratton
Sinead Brophy
title_short Factors associated with low fitness in adolescents – A mixed methods study
title_full Factors associated with low fitness in adolescents – A mixed methods study
title_fullStr Factors associated with low fitness in adolescents – A mixed methods study
title_full_unstemmed Factors associated with low fitness in adolescents – A mixed methods study
title_sort Factors associated with low fitness in adolescents – A mixed methods study
author_id_str_mv 70a544476ce62ba78502ce463c2500d6
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 70a544476ce62ba78502ce463c2500d6_***_Michael Gravenor
c13b3cd0a6f8cbac2e461b54b3cdd839_***_Kerina Jones
f887c2a5af97901b39445a4baf3bfc45_***_Danielle Christian
6d62b2ed126961bed81a94a2beba8a01_***_Gareth Stratton
84f5661b35a729f55047f9e793d8798b_***_Sinead Brophy
author Michael Gravenor
Kerina Jones
Danielle Christian
Gareth Stratton
Sinead Brophy
author2 Richard Charlton
Michael Gravenor
Anwen Rees
Gareth Knox
Rebecca Hill
Muhammad A Rahman
Kerina Jones
Danielle Christian
Julien S Baker
Gareth Stratton
Sinead Brophy
format Journal article
container_title BMC Public Health
container_volume 14
container_issue 1
publishDate 2014
institution Swansea University
issn 1471-2458
1471-2458
doi_str_mv 10.1186/1471-2458-14-764
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-764
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description BackgroundFitness and physical activity are important for cardiovascular and mental health but activity and fitness levels are declining especially in adolescents and among girls. This study examines clustering of factors associated with low fitness in adolescents in order to best target public health interventions for young people.Methods1147 children were assessed for fitness, had blood samples, anthropometric measures and all data were linked with routine electronic data to examine educational achievement, deprivation and health service usage. Factors associated with fitness were examined using logistic regression, conditional trees and data mining cluster analysis. Focus groups were conducted with children in a deprived school to examine barriers and facilitators to activity for children in a deprived community.ResultsUnfit adolescents are more likely to be deprived, female, have obesity in the family and not achieve in education. There were 3 main clusters for risk of future heart disease/diabetes (high cholesterol/insulin); children at low risk (not obese, fit, achieving in education), children ‘visibly at risk’ (overweight, unfit, many hospital/GP visits) and ‘invisibly at risk’ (unfit but not overweight, failing in academic achievement). Qualitative findings show barriers to physical activity include cost, poor access to activity, lack of core physical literacy skills and limited family support.ConclusionsLow fitness in the non-obese child can reveal a hidden group who have high risk factors for heart disease and diabetes but may not be identified as they are normal weight. In deprived communities low fitness is associated with non-achievement in education but in non-deprived communities low fitness is associated with female gender. Interventions need to target deprived families and schools in deprived areas with community wide campaigns.
published_date 2014-07-29T03:29:11Z
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