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Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Wastewater Using Focal Plane Array-Based Reflectance Micro-FT-IR Imaging

Alexander S. Tagg, Melanie Sapp, Jesse P. Harrison, Jesus J. Ojeda, Jesus Ojeda Ledo Orcid Logo

Analytical Chemistry, Volume: 87, Issue: 12, Pages: 6032 - 6040

Swansea University Author: Jesus Ojeda Ledo Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00495

Abstract

Microplastics (<5 mm) have been documented in environmental samples on a global scale. While these pollutants may enter aquatic environments via wastewater treatment facilities, the abundance of microplastics in these matrices has not been investigated. Although efficient methods for the analysis...

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Published in: Analytical Chemistry
ISSN: 0003-2700 1520-6882
Published: 2015
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa24436
first_indexed 2015-11-17T01:52:36Z
last_indexed 2021-02-16T03:38:56Z
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spelling 2021-02-15T14:19:21.3957423 v2 24436 2015-11-16 Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Wastewater Using Focal Plane Array-Based Reflectance Micro-FT-IR Imaging 4c1c9800dffa623353dff0ab1271be64 0000-0002-2046-1010 Jesus Ojeda Ledo Jesus Ojeda Ledo true false 2015-11-16 EAAS Microplastics (<5 mm) have been documented in environmental samples on a global scale. While these pollutants may enter aquatic environments via wastewater treatment facilities, the abundance of microplastics in these matrices has not been investigated. Although efficient methods for the analysis of microplastics in sediment samples and marine organisms have been published, no methods have been developed for detecting these pollutants within organic-rich wastewater samples. In addition, there is no standardized method for analyzing microplastics isolated from environmental samples. In many cases, part of the identification protocol relies on visual selection before analysis, which is open to bias. In order to address this, a new method for the analysis of microplastics in wastewater was developed. A pretreatment step using 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was employed to remove biogenic material, and focal plane array (FPA)-based reflectance micro-Fourier-transform (FT-IR) imaging was shown to successfully image and identify different microplastic types (polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon-6, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene). Microplastic-spiked wastewater samples were used to validate the methodology, resulting in a robust protocol which was nonselective and reproducible (the overall success identification rate was 98.33%). The use of FPA-based micro-FT-IR spectroscopy also provides a considerable reduction in analysis time compared with previous methods, since samples that could take several days to be mapped using a single-element detector can now be imaged in less than 9 h (circular filter with a diameter of 47 mm). This method for identifying and quantifying microplastics in wastewater is likely to provide an essential tool for further research into the pathways by which microplastics enter the environment. Journal Article Analytical Chemistry 87 12 6032 6040 0003-2700 1520-6882 31 12 2015 2015-12-31 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00495 http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&amp;SrcAuth=ORCID&amp;SrcApp=OrcidOrg&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord&amp;DestApp=WOS_CPL&amp;KeyUT=WOS:000356755100026&amp;KeyUID=WOS:000356755100026 CS AuthorChoice - This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited. COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University 2021-02-15T14:19:21.3957423 2015-11-16T16:49:22.9483806 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering Alexander S. Tagg 1 Melanie Sapp 2 Jesse P. Harrison 3 Jesus J. Ojeda 4 Jesus Ojeda Ledo 0000-0002-2046-1010 5 0024436-15122015160255.pdf acs2Eanalchem2E5b00495.pdf 2015-12-15T16:02:55.5870000 Output 3322079 application/pdf Version of Record true 2015-12-15T00:00:00.0000000 false
title Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Wastewater Using Focal Plane Array-Based Reflectance Micro-FT-IR Imaging
spellingShingle Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Wastewater Using Focal Plane Array-Based Reflectance Micro-FT-IR Imaging
Jesus Ojeda Ledo
title_short Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Wastewater Using Focal Plane Array-Based Reflectance Micro-FT-IR Imaging
title_full Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Wastewater Using Focal Plane Array-Based Reflectance Micro-FT-IR Imaging
title_fullStr Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Wastewater Using Focal Plane Array-Based Reflectance Micro-FT-IR Imaging
title_full_unstemmed Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Wastewater Using Focal Plane Array-Based Reflectance Micro-FT-IR Imaging
title_sort Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Wastewater Using Focal Plane Array-Based Reflectance Micro-FT-IR Imaging
author_id_str_mv 4c1c9800dffa623353dff0ab1271be64
author_id_fullname_str_mv 4c1c9800dffa623353dff0ab1271be64_***_Jesus Ojeda Ledo
author Jesus Ojeda Ledo
author2 Alexander S. Tagg
Melanie Sapp
Jesse P. Harrison
Jesus J. Ojeda
Jesus Ojeda Ledo
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container_title Analytical Chemistry
container_volume 87
container_issue 12
container_start_page 6032
publishDate 2015
institution Swansea University
issn 0003-2700
1520-6882
doi_str_mv 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00495
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
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department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering
url http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&amp;SrcAuth=ORCID&amp;SrcApp=OrcidOrg&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord&amp;DestApp=WOS_CPL&amp;KeyUT=WOS:000356755100026&amp;KeyUID=WOS:000356755100026
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description Microplastics (<5 mm) have been documented in environmental samples on a global scale. While these pollutants may enter aquatic environments via wastewater treatment facilities, the abundance of microplastics in these matrices has not been investigated. Although efficient methods for the analysis of microplastics in sediment samples and marine organisms have been published, no methods have been developed for detecting these pollutants within organic-rich wastewater samples. In addition, there is no standardized method for analyzing microplastics isolated from environmental samples. In many cases, part of the identification protocol relies on visual selection before analysis, which is open to bias. In order to address this, a new method for the analysis of microplastics in wastewater was developed. A pretreatment step using 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was employed to remove biogenic material, and focal plane array (FPA)-based reflectance micro-Fourier-transform (FT-IR) imaging was shown to successfully image and identify different microplastic types (polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon-6, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene). Microplastic-spiked wastewater samples were used to validate the methodology, resulting in a robust protocol which was nonselective and reproducible (the overall success identification rate was 98.33%). The use of FPA-based micro-FT-IR spectroscopy also provides a considerable reduction in analysis time compared with previous methods, since samples that could take several days to be mapped using a single-element detector can now be imaged in less than 9 h (circular filter with a diameter of 47 mm). This method for identifying and quantifying microplastics in wastewater is likely to provide an essential tool for further research into the pathways by which microplastics enter the environment.
published_date 2015-12-31T06:47:54Z
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