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Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what's known and what's next?

Lars Gamfeldt, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Bradley J. Cardinale, J. Emmett Duffy, John Griffin Orcid Logo

Oikos, Volume: 124, Issue: 3, Pages: 252 - 265

Swansea University Author: John Griffin Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/oik.01549

Abstract

Marine ecosystems are experiencing rapid and pervasive changes in biodiversity and species composition. Understanding the ecosystem consequences of these changes is critical to effectively managing these systems. Over the last several years, numerous experimental manipulations of species richness ha...

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Published in: Oikos
Published: 2015
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa23629
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first_indexed 2015-10-09T02:08:14Z
last_indexed 2018-02-09T05:02:38Z
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spelling 2015-10-08T19:25:56.9666697 v2 23629 2015-10-08 Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what's known and what's next? 9814fbffa76dd9c9a207166354cd0b2f 0000-0003-3295-6480 John Griffin John Griffin true false 2015-10-08 SBI Marine ecosystems are experiencing rapid and pervasive changes in biodiversity and species composition. Understanding the ecosystem consequences of these changes is critical to effectively managing these systems. Over the last several years, numerous experimental manipulations of species richness have been performed, yet existing quantitative syntheses have focused on a just a subset of processes measured in experiments and, as such, have not summarized the full data available from marine systems. Here, we present the results of a meta-analysis of 110 marine experiments from 42 studies that manipulated the species richness of organisms across a range of taxa and trophic levels and analysed the consequences for various ecosystem processes (categorised as production, consumption or biogeochemical fluxes).Our results show that, generally, mixtures of species tend to enhance levels of ecosystem function relative to the average component species in monoculture, but have no effect or a negative effect on functioning relative to the ‘highest- performing’ species. These results are largely consistent with those from other syntheses, and extend conclusions to ecological functions that are commonly measured in the marine realm (e.g. nutrient release from sediment bioturbation). For experiments that manipulated three or more levels of richness, we attempted to discern the functional form of the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship. We found that, for response variables related to consumption, a power-function best described the relationship, which is also consistent with previous findings. However, we identified a linear relationship between richness and production. Combined, our results suggest that changes in the number of species will, on average, tend to alter the functioning of marine ecosystems. We outline several research frontiers that will allow us to more fully understand how, why, and when diversity may drive the functioning of marine ecosystems. Journal Article Oikos 124 3 252 265 1 3 2015 2015-03-01 10.1111/oik.01549 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University 2015-10-08T19:25:56.9666697 2015-10-08T19:25:56.9666697 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Lars Gamfeldt 1 Jonathan S. Lefcheck 2 Jarrett E. K. Byrnes 3 Bradley J. Cardinale 4 J. Emmett Duffy 5 John Griffin 0000-0003-3295-6480 6
title Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what's known and what's next?
spellingShingle Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what's known and what's next?
John Griffin
title_short Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what's known and what's next?
title_full Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what's known and what's next?
title_fullStr Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what's known and what's next?
title_full_unstemmed Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what's known and what's next?
title_sort Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what's known and what's next?
author_id_str_mv 9814fbffa76dd9c9a207166354cd0b2f
author_id_fullname_str_mv 9814fbffa76dd9c9a207166354cd0b2f_***_John Griffin
author John Griffin
author2 Lars Gamfeldt
Jonathan S. Lefcheck
Jarrett E. K. Byrnes
Bradley J. Cardinale
J. Emmett Duffy
John Griffin
format Journal article
container_title Oikos
container_volume 124
container_issue 3
container_start_page 252
publishDate 2015
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.1111/oik.01549
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 0
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description Marine ecosystems are experiencing rapid and pervasive changes in biodiversity and species composition. Understanding the ecosystem consequences of these changes is critical to effectively managing these systems. Over the last several years, numerous experimental manipulations of species richness have been performed, yet existing quantitative syntheses have focused on a just a subset of processes measured in experiments and, as such, have not summarized the full data available from marine systems. Here, we present the results of a meta-analysis of 110 marine experiments from 42 studies that manipulated the species richness of organisms across a range of taxa and trophic levels and analysed the consequences for various ecosystem processes (categorised as production, consumption or biogeochemical fluxes).Our results show that, generally, mixtures of species tend to enhance levels of ecosystem function relative to the average component species in monoculture, but have no effect or a negative effect on functioning relative to the ‘highest- performing’ species. These results are largely consistent with those from other syntheses, and extend conclusions to ecological functions that are commonly measured in the marine realm (e.g. nutrient release from sediment bioturbation). For experiments that manipulated three or more levels of richness, we attempted to discern the functional form of the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship. We found that, for response variables related to consumption, a power-function best described the relationship, which is also consistent with previous findings. However, we identified a linear relationship between richness and production. Combined, our results suggest that changes in the number of species will, on average, tend to alter the functioning of marine ecosystems. We outline several research frontiers that will allow us to more fully understand how, why, and when diversity may drive the functioning of marine ecosystems.
published_date 2015-03-01T03:27:54Z
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score 11.014246

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