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A century of North Sea epibenthos and trawling: comparison between 1902-1912, 1982-1985 and 2000

R Callaway, GH Engelhard, J Dann, J Cotter, H Rumohr, Ruth Callaway

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Volume: 346, Pages: 27 - 43

Swansea University Author: Ruth Callaway

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DOI (Published version): 10.3354/meps07038

Abstract

The effects of towed fishing gear on benthic fauna are under intense scrutiny and evidenceis growing that trawling may significantly affect benthic communities in the North Sea. Moststudies explore the current fauna or compare today’s situation with that of 2 or 3 decades ago, whenNorth Sea-wide inf...

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Published in: Marine Ecology Progress Series
ISSN: 0171-8630 1616-1599
Published: 2007
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spelling 2019-06-12T16:31:45.2340626 v2 13082 2012-10-16 A century of North Sea epibenthos and trawling: comparison between 1902-1912, 1982-1985 and 2000 61d7fe28cbb286de1c9c43f45014c490 Ruth Callaway Ruth Callaway true false 2012-10-16 FGSEN The effects of towed fishing gear on benthic fauna are under intense scrutiny and evidenceis growing that trawling may significantly affect benthic communities in the North Sea. Moststudies explore the current fauna or compare today’s situation with that of 2 or 3 decades ago, whenNorth Sea-wide information on benthos and fishing became available. However, in the North Sea,extensive mechanised trawling began more than a century ago. This study compared historical andrecent records in order to explore potential long-term links between changes in the epibenthos andfishing. Based on reconstructed species lists from museum specimens, we compared epibenthos datafrom 1902 to 1912 with those from 1982 to 1985 and 2000. We analysed changes in average taxonomicdistinctness (AvTD), a biodiversity indicator, and changes in biogeographical species distributions.Landings data were collated for round- and flatfish caught in the northern, central and southernNorth Sea from 1906 to 2000 as proxies for total otter and beam trawl effort, respectively. These indicatethat the southern and much of the central North Sea were fished intensively throughout the 20thcentury, whilst the northern North Sea was less exploited, especially in earlier decades; exploitationintensified markedly from the 1960s onwards. For epibenthos, the mean AvTD decreased significantlyfrom the 1980s to 2000, when it was below expected values in 4 ICES rectangles, 3 of theselocated in heavily trawled areas. Biogeographical changes from the beginning to the end of the centuryoccurred in 27 of 48 taxa. In 14 taxa, spatial presence was reduced by 50% or more, most notablyin the southern and central North Sea; often these were long-lived, slow-growing species with vulnerableshells or tests. By contrast, 12 taxa doubled their spatial presence throughout the North Sea.Most biogeographical changes had happened by the 1980s. Given that other important environmentalchanges, including eutrophication and climate change, have gained importance mainly from the1980s onwards, we have concluded that the changes in epibenthos observed since the beginning ofthe 20th century have resulted primarily from intensified fisheries. Journal Article Marine Ecology Progress Series 346 27 43 0171-8630 1616-1599 North Sea, Epibenthos, Historic data, Fishing impact, Taxonomic distinctness 27 9 2007 2007-09-27 10.3354/meps07038 http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps_oa/m346p027.pdf COLLEGE NANME Science and Engineering - Faculty COLLEGE CODE FGSEN Swansea University 2019-06-12T16:31:45.2340626 2012-10-16T18:42:46.3017917 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences R Callaway 1 GH Engelhard 2 J Dann 3 J Cotter 4 H Rumohr 5 Ruth Callaway 6 0013082-12062019163105.pdf 2007MEPS.pdf 2019-06-12T16:31:05.0400000 Output 4209257 application/pdf Version of Record true 2019-06-12T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title A century of North Sea epibenthos and trawling: comparison between 1902-1912, 1982-1985 and 2000
spellingShingle A century of North Sea epibenthos and trawling: comparison between 1902-1912, 1982-1985 and 2000
Ruth Callaway
title_short A century of North Sea epibenthos and trawling: comparison between 1902-1912, 1982-1985 and 2000
title_full A century of North Sea epibenthos and trawling: comparison between 1902-1912, 1982-1985 and 2000
title_fullStr A century of North Sea epibenthos and trawling: comparison between 1902-1912, 1982-1985 and 2000
title_full_unstemmed A century of North Sea epibenthos and trawling: comparison between 1902-1912, 1982-1985 and 2000
title_sort A century of North Sea epibenthos and trawling: comparison between 1902-1912, 1982-1985 and 2000
author_id_str_mv 61d7fe28cbb286de1c9c43f45014c490
author_id_fullname_str_mv 61d7fe28cbb286de1c9c43f45014c490_***_Ruth Callaway
author Ruth Callaway
author2 R Callaway
GH Engelhard
J Dann
J Cotter
H Rumohr
Ruth Callaway
format Journal article
container_title Marine Ecology Progress Series
container_volume 346
container_start_page 27
publishDate 2007
institution Swansea University
issn 0171-8630
1616-1599
doi_str_mv 10.3354/meps07038
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
url http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps_oa/m346p027.pdf
document_store_str 1
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description The effects of towed fishing gear on benthic fauna are under intense scrutiny and evidenceis growing that trawling may significantly affect benthic communities in the North Sea. Moststudies explore the current fauna or compare today’s situation with that of 2 or 3 decades ago, whenNorth Sea-wide information on benthos and fishing became available. However, in the North Sea,extensive mechanised trawling began more than a century ago. This study compared historical andrecent records in order to explore potential long-term links between changes in the epibenthos andfishing. Based on reconstructed species lists from museum specimens, we compared epibenthos datafrom 1902 to 1912 with those from 1982 to 1985 and 2000. We analysed changes in average taxonomicdistinctness (AvTD), a biodiversity indicator, and changes in biogeographical species distributions.Landings data were collated for round- and flatfish caught in the northern, central and southernNorth Sea from 1906 to 2000 as proxies for total otter and beam trawl effort, respectively. These indicatethat the southern and much of the central North Sea were fished intensively throughout the 20thcentury, whilst the northern North Sea was less exploited, especially in earlier decades; exploitationintensified markedly from the 1960s onwards. For epibenthos, the mean AvTD decreased significantlyfrom the 1980s to 2000, when it was below expected values in 4 ICES rectangles, 3 of theselocated in heavily trawled areas. Biogeographical changes from the beginning to the end of the centuryoccurred in 27 of 48 taxa. In 14 taxa, spatial presence was reduced by 50% or more, most notablyin the southern and central North Sea; often these were long-lived, slow-growing species with vulnerableshells or tests. By contrast, 12 taxa doubled their spatial presence throughout the North Sea.Most biogeographical changes had happened by the 1980s. Given that other important environmentalchanges, including eutrophication and climate change, have gained importance mainly from the1980s onwards, we have concluded that the changes in epibenthos observed since the beginning ofthe 20th century have resulted primarily from intensified fisheries.
published_date 2007-09-27T03:14:59Z
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