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Multi-Year Development and Field Validation of Blended p-Anisaldehyde–Verbenone Lure Systems and Dispenser Technologies for Monitoring Western Flower Thrips

Martyn Wood, Alex Dearden, James Bull Orcid Logo, Farooq Shah, Owen Jones, Robert Thomas, Henry Frend, John Stobart, Benjamin Clunie, Zack Saud, Joel Loveridge Orcid Logo, Tariq Butt Orcid Logo

Agronomy, Volume: 16, Issue: 11, Start page: 1050

Swansea University Authors: Martyn Wood, Alex Dearden, James Bull Orcid Logo, Robert Thomas, Henry Frend, Benjamin Clunie, Joel Loveridge Orcid Logo, Tariq Butt Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/agronomy16111050

Abstract

Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are major pests of horticultural crops worldwide, creating a need for sensitive monitoring tools to support integrated pest management. Semiochemical lures are widely used to enhance sticky trap capture, but their effectiveness depends on both attra...

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Published in: Agronomy
ISSN: 2073-4395
Published: MDPI 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa72032
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Semiochemical lures are widely used to enhance sticky trap capture, but their effectiveness depends on both attractant composition and dispenser design. In this study, the plant-derived volatiles p-anisaldehyde (PANI) and S(−)-verbenone were evaluated as individual and blended attractants, together with the development of practical dispenser systems, across field trials conducted between 2018 and 2021 in commercial strawberry production systems. Initial short-term trials in 2018 showed that both compounds increased trap capture relative to controls, with the PANI–verbenone blend providing the greatest enhancement across repeated 48 h assessments. Follow-on trials in 2019 supported these findings and introduced ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) tubing as a controlled-release dispenser, improving lure practicality and durability without loss of efficacy. Expanded multi-site trials in 2021, conducted across four farms over four weeks, showed that although early capture dynamics were similar among treatments, differences emerged over time. By day 28, blended attractants, particularly when delivered via polymer-based dispensers, consistently exceeded controls and performed comparably to, or sometimes better than, the commercial standard Lurem-TR. 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spelling v2 72032 2026-06-09 Multi-Year Development and Field Validation of Blended p-Anisaldehyde–Verbenone Lure Systems and Dispenser Technologies for Monitoring Western Flower Thrips a5b65490dddd5e965ab6623bc2c7022d Martyn Wood Martyn Wood true false 4386276ca8a14b9b73fbcb9e69ea1527 Alex Dearden Alex Dearden true false 20742518482c020c80b81b88e5313356 0000-0002-4373-6830 James Bull James Bull true false bd1bbb041f2146608ada150ca2d67a22 Robert Thomas Robert Thomas true false cdc3ca00d393b1a316d3432f530dffe7 Henry Frend Henry Frend true false cce29e902d62a050c29943d30fbe9455 Benjamin Clunie Benjamin Clunie true false 5dd2760b388ec3cc2af33bb62f3f151a 0000-0002-8528-4019 Joel Loveridge Joel Loveridge true false 85d1c2ddde272a1176e74978e25ebece 0000-0002-8789-9543 Tariq Butt Tariq Butt true false 2026-06-09 BGPS Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are major pests of horticultural crops worldwide, creating a need for sensitive monitoring tools to support integrated pest management. Semiochemical lures are widely used to enhance sticky trap capture, but their effectiveness depends on both attractant composition and dispenser design. In this study, the plant-derived volatiles p-anisaldehyde (PANI) and S(−)-verbenone were evaluated as individual and blended attractants, together with the development of practical dispenser systems, across field trials conducted between 2018 and 2021 in commercial strawberry production systems. Initial short-term trials in 2018 showed that both compounds increased trap capture relative to controls, with the PANI–verbenone blend providing the greatest enhancement across repeated 48 h assessments. Follow-on trials in 2019 supported these findings and introduced ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) tubing as a controlled-release dispenser, improving lure practicality and durability without loss of efficacy. Expanded multi-site trials in 2021, conducted across four farms over four weeks, showed that although early capture dynamics were similar among treatments, differences emerged over time. By day 28, blended attractants, particularly when delivered via polymer-based dispensers, consistently exceeded controls and performed comparably to, or sometimes better than, the commercial standard Lurem-TR. These findings show that combining plant-derived volatile blends with optimised controlled-release dispensers can improve monitoring sensitivity for F. occidentalis under commercial growing conditions. Journal Article Agronomy 16 11 1050 MDPI 2073-4395 western flower thrips; lures; verbenone; p-anisaldehyde; attractant blends; dispensers 26 5 2026 2026-05-26 10.3390/agronomy16111050 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Other The 2018 and 2019 field trials and associated works were funded by the Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarships 2 (KESS 2) initiative and were partly funded by the Welsh Government’s European Social Fund (ESF) convergence program for West Wales and the Valleys with industry support from Agrisense Ltd. and Lisk & Jones Ltd. alongside Natural Products Biohub Centre, funded via UK Research and Innovation funding from the ‘Building a Green Future’ strategic theme (project number: UKRI239). The 2021 field trials and associated works were funded by Innovate UK funding coupled with industry support from Razbio Ltd. (project number: 86740), with additional technical support provided by Lisk & Jones Ltd. 2026-06-09T13:11:58.7739327 2026-06-09T13:02:44.5654983 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Martyn Wood 1 Alex Dearden 2 James Bull 0000-0002-4373-6830 3 Farooq Shah 4 Owen Jones 5 Robert Thomas 6 Henry Frend 7 John Stobart 8 Benjamin Clunie 9 Zack Saud 10 Joel Loveridge 0000-0002-8528-4019 11 Tariq Butt 0000-0002-8789-9543 12 72032__36898__9fc2de8312ee4e8b85dc7176f4b866f2.pdf agronomy-16-01050.pdf 2026-06-09T13:02:44.5607080 Output 4882726 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2026 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Multi-Year Development and Field Validation of Blended p-Anisaldehyde–Verbenone Lure Systems and Dispenser Technologies for Monitoring Western Flower Thrips
spellingShingle Multi-Year Development and Field Validation of Blended p-Anisaldehyde–Verbenone Lure Systems and Dispenser Technologies for Monitoring Western Flower Thrips
Martyn Wood
Alex Dearden
James Bull
Robert Thomas
Henry Frend
Benjamin Clunie
Joel Loveridge
Tariq Butt
title_short Multi-Year Development and Field Validation of Blended p-Anisaldehyde–Verbenone Lure Systems and Dispenser Technologies for Monitoring Western Flower Thrips
title_full Multi-Year Development and Field Validation of Blended p-Anisaldehyde–Verbenone Lure Systems and Dispenser Technologies for Monitoring Western Flower Thrips
title_fullStr Multi-Year Development and Field Validation of Blended p-Anisaldehyde–Verbenone Lure Systems and Dispenser Technologies for Monitoring Western Flower Thrips
title_full_unstemmed Multi-Year Development and Field Validation of Blended p-Anisaldehyde–Verbenone Lure Systems and Dispenser Technologies for Monitoring Western Flower Thrips
title_sort Multi-Year Development and Field Validation of Blended p-Anisaldehyde–Verbenone Lure Systems and Dispenser Technologies for Monitoring Western Flower Thrips
author_id_str_mv a5b65490dddd5e965ab6623bc2c7022d
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author_id_fullname_str_mv a5b65490dddd5e965ab6623bc2c7022d_***_Martyn Wood
4386276ca8a14b9b73fbcb9e69ea1527_***_Alex Dearden
20742518482c020c80b81b88e5313356_***_James Bull
bd1bbb041f2146608ada150ca2d67a22_***_Robert Thomas
cdc3ca00d393b1a316d3432f530dffe7_***_Henry Frend
cce29e902d62a050c29943d30fbe9455_***_Benjamin Clunie
5dd2760b388ec3cc2af33bb62f3f151a_***_Joel Loveridge
85d1c2ddde272a1176e74978e25ebece_***_Tariq Butt
author Martyn Wood
Alex Dearden
James Bull
Robert Thomas
Henry Frend
Benjamin Clunie
Joel Loveridge
Tariq Butt
author2 Martyn Wood
Alex Dearden
James Bull
Farooq Shah
Owen Jones
Robert Thomas
Henry Frend
John Stobart
Benjamin Clunie
Zack Saud
Joel Loveridge
Tariq Butt
format Journal article
container_title Agronomy
container_volume 16
container_issue 11
container_start_page 1050
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 2073-4395
doi_str_mv 10.3390/agronomy16111050
publisher MDPI
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are major pests of horticultural crops worldwide, creating a need for sensitive monitoring tools to support integrated pest management. Semiochemical lures are widely used to enhance sticky trap capture, but their effectiveness depends on both attractant composition and dispenser design. In this study, the plant-derived volatiles p-anisaldehyde (PANI) and S(−)-verbenone were evaluated as individual and blended attractants, together with the development of practical dispenser systems, across field trials conducted between 2018 and 2021 in commercial strawberry production systems. Initial short-term trials in 2018 showed that both compounds increased trap capture relative to controls, with the PANI–verbenone blend providing the greatest enhancement across repeated 48 h assessments. Follow-on trials in 2019 supported these findings and introduced ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) tubing as a controlled-release dispenser, improving lure practicality and durability without loss of efficacy. Expanded multi-site trials in 2021, conducted across four farms over four weeks, showed that although early capture dynamics were similar among treatments, differences emerged over time. By day 28, blended attractants, particularly when delivered via polymer-based dispensers, consistently exceeded controls and performed comparably to, or sometimes better than, the commercial standard Lurem-TR. These findings show that combining plant-derived volatile blends with optimised controlled-release dispensers can improve monitoring sensitivity for F. occidentalis under commercial growing conditions.
published_date 2026-05-26T13:12:00Z
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score 11.108223

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